篇一：英语句子成分讲解
句子结构成份讲解及练习题
主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看书？“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing.（代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。 一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。 如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。 句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.
宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是名词性的词，也可以是从句。表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,
remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open.Now I feel tired.
定语：修饰限定名词、代词的词，说明所修饰词的性质、特征等，如 a tall boy 中，tall修饰boy,tall是boy的定语。可作定语的有形容词、名词、副词、定语从句、分词等。不定代词的定语一律后置。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
状语：修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句，说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等。如：他在灯下看书。“在灯下”是状语。
补语：补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。如：他把我逗笑了。He made me laugh.主语：he;谓语：made;宾语：me;宾补：laugh.补语和它补充说明的成份之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这可以把它和其它成份区分开。如：上句宾语me和宾补laugh之间，laugh的动作是me来做的。这就是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。把这两部分单拿出来可以成一句完整的话，即I laughed, 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor.（名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
语法是句子的框架，学语法应该说是学习语言的一个捷径。相对而言，句子的灵魂是词汇，学习是个长期积累过程，词汇积累更是如此。学习也要讲究方法，活学活用，在运用中记忆，不能死记硬背。另外，语言都有些相通的地方，结合母语对照学习也很有效。
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语She likes English.
主语 ＋ 系动词＋主语补语She is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语She gave John a book．
She bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
Exercises
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching.
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know． 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。
主系表结构 （主语 ＋系动词＋表语 ）
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们，请保持安静。
双宾语结构 （主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？
5. 他把车票给列车员看。
复合宾语结构 （主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 ）
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。
句子成分练习题答案
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 6. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 8. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语 10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 12 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 14. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 16. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
17. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 18. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
19. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词20. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
21. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语 22. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
23. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 24. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
25. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 26. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词
27. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 28. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
29. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语 30. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习：
主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构 （主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ）
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
篇二：英语句子成分讲解
英语句子成分讲解
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)， taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词)
We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语)
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
五、主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well. ()
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
七、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列) I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends.(我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。
2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：
Students study. (学生学习。)
We are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。
3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。)
I play with him. (我和他一起玩。)
篇三：英语句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析（简单句）
简单句的基本概念
只有一个主谓结构的独立句子叫简单句。在简单句中, 主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语
充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。例如：
Mary and Jane woke up and got dressed.
除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、 定语、 状语、 补语等。
简单句的五种基本句型
(1)主语＋系动词＋表语
We are happy. 我们很快乐。
注：系动词有三类，具体如下：
①表状态：be, seem, appear(显得)，go(变成), stand(坐落)，stay(保持), lie(位于), keep(保持)
②表感官：look(看上去), sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来), feel(感觉), taste(尝起来)
③表变化：get(变得)，become(成为), turn(变成)，grow(渐渐变成)，come(成为)
(2)主语＋不及物动词
They are reading. 他们在看书。
(3)主语＋及物动词＋宾语
I teach English.我教英语。
(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
直接宾语表物，间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引导的短语(强调动作是“向谁”做的)，或由for 引导的短语(强调动作是“为谁”做的)。
He gave me a book.＝He gave a book to me. 他给我一本书。 能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to，这样的动词有：give(给)，pass(传、递)，take(拿去)，bring (带来)，show(出示、展现)，lend (借给)，sell(出售)等。
带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有：
buy(购买), make(制作/造), build(建造), mend (修理)，cook(烹饪)等。
My mother bought me a present. ＝My mother bought a present for me.我妈妈给我买了件礼物。
(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补
You'd better tell the students not to make so much noise.
你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。
①带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell，ask，order，want等。 ②省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：feel，hear，see，notice，have/make/let等。
▲有些动词可以作及物动词,后面带宾语,也可以作不及物动词, 后面
不带宾语,意思上没有什么变化。这类动词常用的有:drink, help, change, clean, cook, draw, lend, save, ride, point, steal, marry, shave, drive, smoke, lecture, sing, wash, write, type, study, learn, iron, spend, eat 等。
例如: The weather changed . We changed our plan.
▲有些动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词,使用的场合不同, 意思有所变化,如: sit, stand, fly, work, mind, air, dress, escape, miss, hang, meet, play, pass, move, press, run, shoot, turn, touch, tend, follow, exercise, hold, count, head, show, win, reflect, propose, cheat, beat, blow
hurt, fit, manage, spread, stretch, strike 等。例如:
The trees moved in the wind . 树在风中摇曳。The tale moved her to tears .这故事使她感动得落泪。
简单句的句子成分
句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
一．主语（subject）
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看
书？“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）。主语一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不s是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To see is to believe.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
二．谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如
上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看”就是谓语。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词。 句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成，也称系表结构。如：We are students.
三．表语
是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“系表”结构。表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
1、常见系动词
表像系动词：seem, appear,
变化系动词：prove, turn out, grow, become, fall, get, go, come, run 持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand
感官系动词：sound, smell, feel, taste, look
【举例】 The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好。
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