高考英语知识串讲(上) 本文简介：
2008高考英语知识串讲第1讲一、LanguagePoints1.sharev.分享、合用：sharesthwithsb??n.一份，股份?sparea.业余的，备用的：sparetime,asparetire??v.抽出，匀给：sparemefiveminutes/spareoneofsandwi
高考英语知识串讲(上) 本文内容：
2008高考英语知识串讲
第1讲
一、Language
Points
1.
share
v.
分享、合用：share
sth
with
sb
?
?
n.
一份，股份
?
spare
a.
业余的，备用的：spare
time,
a
spare
tire
?
?
v.
抽出，匀给：spare
me
five
minutes/
spare
one
of
sandwiches
for
the
boy
?
?
spare
no
efforts：不遗余力?
spare
no
expense：不惜工本
?
save
v.
节省，救出
2.
He
felt
lucky
to
have
survived
the
war.
3.
?
with
sb
about/over
sth：和某人就某事争论
?
argue
for/against
sth：赞成/反对…
?
?
Sb
into/out
of
(doing)
sth：说服某人做/不做某事
4.
have/make/let/see/watch/listen
to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)
?
get
sb
to
do
sth
?
have+宾+宾补(to
do/to
be
done)
5.
So+同一主语+助动词
?
So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语
?
So
it
is/was
with+另一主语
6.
should/ought
to/need/could/might/would+do/have
done
7.
except/but/except
for/except
that/except
wh-clause
?
besides/in
addition
?
apart
from
?
but
for=without
8.
The
first
time+从句
?
For
the
first
time：作时间状语
?
It’s
the
first
time+that-clause(完成时)
?
the
first+名词+to
do
9.
most
?
most
of
the????????
??
+n.(pl)/pron.????
?
the
majority
of
(the)
?
mostly:
主要地（状）
10.
be
equal
to
sth：与…相等
?
be
equal
to
(doing)
sth：胜任(做)某事
?
equal
sth：与…相等
?
equal
sb
in
sth：在…方面与某人匹敌
11.
compare…to/with…
?
compared
to/with…
12.
a
great
many
?
several/two
dozen/hundred?
???
+n.(pl.)
?
(many)
dozens
of
?
a
great
many
of?????
+the/these/those+n.(pl.)
?
seveal/two
dozen
of??
+pron.
13.
much
too+adj/adv(原级)
?
too
much+n.(u.)
?
too
many+n.(pl.)
14.
???
没有被动态
?
????
come
about(主要用于疑问句、否定句)
?
????
happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意)?
sth+
take
place(多表示有组织、有计划)
?
????
break
out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)
?
????
occur(与happen通用)
????
It
occurs
to
sb
that/to
do…：某人突然想起…
15.
??????????????
n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase
?
??????????????
to
do：表将来
?
With+宾+宾补??
doing：表正在进行
?
??????????????
Done：表过去
16.
强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it
be”和“that”去掉，原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例：
It
was
in
the
street
that
I
met
an
old
friend
yesterday.
二、语法专题──名词的考点
1.
考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。
2.
考查名词的格，即
’s所有格，of所有格或双重所有格。
3.
名词作定语。
4.
名词及名词短语的辨析。
5.
名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。
三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空
1.
名词的辨析
名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent指父亲或母亲，而parents指父母双亲；people指人们，而a
people指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如:
exercise指锻炼；而exercises指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如::
event指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident指偶发事件；而accident指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别，如:
cloth指布；cloths指各种不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(复数)，clothing衣服(总称)。
2.
动词的辨析
对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如:
reply意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to,
此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如:
advise与persuade,
前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed形式表示完成或被动；to
do形式表示即将进行的动作等。
3.
形容词、副词的辨析
对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如:
clever指对问题处理的圆滑；bright指对问题的反应快；wise指选择的正确等。此外，如wide与broad;
strong与powerful;
interesting与interested;
exciting与excited等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如:
close作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。三是注意同根副词的区别，如:
hard与hardly,
前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词，如:
friendly,
lovely,
lively实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别，如:
present+n.与n.+present，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。
4.
介词的辨析
对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如:
across,
through,
past,
over为动作介词，across强调从表面横过，越过；through强调从空间穿过；past强调从侧面、旁边经过；over强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外，如above,
over,
on;
with,
by;
of,
to;
to,
for的区别。
5.
连词的辨析
连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when,
while与as;
because,
since与for;
whether与if;
though,
as与although等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如：
every/each
time;
the
first/second…time;
the
moment;
the
minute等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如:
directly,
immediately,
instantly等。四是注意连词的词序，如:
only
if与if
only,
前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”。
6.
代词的辨析
代词的辨析包括不定代词，如:
other,
others,
the
other,
the
others,
another等；人称代词，如:
one,
it,
that等和关系代词，如:
which与that;
which与as;
whose与prep.+which/whom等。
1.
Does
the
teacher____
you
to
go
home
this
weekend?
A.
allow
B.
consent
C.
agree
D.
approve
2.
After
the
big
fire,
the
house
was
completely____.
A.
ruined
B.
destroyed
C.
damaged
D.
spoiled
3.
The
hunter
said
he
was
lucky
to
get
out
of
the
forest____.
A.
living
B.
alive
C.
lively
D.
live
4.
____
talking
with
his
Grandma,
he
went
away
without
saying
a
word.
A.
Tiring
with
B.
Tiring
of
C.
Tired
with
D.
Tired
of
5.
It’s
necessary
to
have
some____
knowledge
for
this
job.
A.
electric
B.
electrical
C.
elctron
D.
electricity
6.
The
photo____
on
the
wall
was
taken
in
Beijing
last
year.
A.
hang
B.
hanging
C.
hung
D.
hanged
7.
On
New
Year’s
Day,
people,
especially
girls,
always
wear
new____-new
hats,
new
coats,
new
trousers
and
new
shoes.
A.
clothes
B.
clothing
C.
cloth
D.
cloths
8.
He
stays
up____
in
the
evenings
to
go
online
to
get
the____
information.
A.
late,
latest
B.
lately,
last
C.
late,
last
D.
latest,
latest
9.
____
is
it
to
ask
her
about
her
about
that?
She
doesn’t
know
it
either.
A.
What
good
B.
How
good?
C.
What
a
good?
D.
How
much
good
10.
____
I
had
done
it
I
knew
I
had
made
a
mistake.
A.
Hardly
B.
Directly
C.
mostly
D.
Nearly
11.
It
is
said
you
went
to
see
Jenny
yesterday.
What
has
become___
her?
A.
from
B.
of
C.
into
D.
/
12.
Who
do
you
think
will
be
allowed____
there
tomorrow?
A.
visit
B.
to
visit
C.
visiting
D.
visited
13.
Today
we
can
either
fly
to
Hainan
Island
or
take
a
ship___
the
sea.
A.
in
B.
across
C.
from
in
D.
across
from
14.
You
wil
find
what
great
benefit
the
computer
you
own
can
be____
each
time
you
use
it
to
help
you
work.
A.
for
B.
of
C.
at
D.
on
15.
I
thought
he
was
not____
of
a
professor
the
first
time
I
heard
him
speaking
to
the
children
at
the
platform
in
the
hall
of
our
school.
A.
something
B.
anything
C.
somebody
D.
anybody
16.
We’ve
missed
the
last
bus.
I’m
afraid
we
have
no____
but
to
take
a
taxi.
A.
way
B.
choice
C.
possibility
D.
selection
17.
____
students
have
graduated
from
this
school
in
the
last
twenty
years.
A.
Tens
of
thousands
of
B.
Tens
upon
thousands
of
C.
Tens
in
thousands
D.
Ten
thousands
of
18.
The
farmers
plan
to
produce
three
times____
in
the
year
before
last
to
meet
the
increasing
need
of
the
people.
A.
of
crop
as
much
this
year
as
B.
as
much
crop
this
year
as
C.
as
more
crop
this
year
as
D.
much
crop
this
year
than
19.
I
think
the
house
is____
large
for
a
family
of
four
people
and
the
price
is
very
reasonable.
A.
too
B.
rather
C.
fairly
D.
a
little
20.
His
mother
dislikes
him,
for
he____
lies.
A.
tells
B.
is
always
telling
C.
has
told
D.
always
told
1-5
ABBDB?
6-10
BBAAB?
11-15
BBDBB?
16-20
BABCB
第2讲
一、Language
points
1.????????????????????
sb./sth.+adj/n
??????????????????????
sb./sth.+to
do
?
consider(以为，认为)＋
sb./sth.+as
??????????????????????
that-clause
??????????????????
n.
?
consider(考虑)＋?
doing
??????????????????
疑问词+to
do
sth
?
“把…当作…”的译法：consider…as
???
=think
of/look
on/take/regard/treat/have…as
2.????????
to
do
??
A
way+
of
doing??????????
(that/in
which)+定语从句
??
A
method
of
doing
sth
????????????????????????
by
this
means
You
can
solve
the
problem+?
with
this
method
????????????????????????
in
this
way
by
means
of:通过…方式，以…手段
by
this/that
means:通过这种/那种方式
??
by
all
means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请
??
by
no
means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装）
3.
protect…(from)
doing
sth
?
prevent/stop…(from)
doing
sth
????
keep…from
doing
??
?
keep…doing
?
under
the
potection
of…
4.
as
well
?
as
well
as
?
might/may
as
well=had
better
5.??????????
to
do
?
specially+?
for-phrase
?
especially
6.?
along
the
river:沿着河流
??
over
the
river:在河的正上方
??
through
the
forest:穿过森林
??
by
the
river:在河边
??
on
the
bank:在河岸上
7.?
follow
the
instructions
???
follow
one’s
advice
???
as
follows
8.
be
responsible
to
sb
for
sth
9.
?????
n.
???????
doing/to
do
sth
???????
sb
to
do
sth
prefer+?
sth
to
sth
???????
doing
A
to
doing
B
???????
to
do
A
rather
than
do
sth
???????
that
sb
(should)
do
sth
10.?
n.+after
+n.=one
+n.
+after
another
??????
一个接一个（强调动作的重复）
????
n.
+by
+n.:
一个接一个（强调动作的变化）
????
tree
after
tree/day
by
day
11.?????????????
say
“hi”
to
sb.
????????????????
Please
remember
me
to
sb.
向“某人”问好??
Send
my
regards
to
sb.
????????????????
Send
the
best
wishes
to
sb.
12.
主+be
+adj.
+to
do:
不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。
主+be
+adj.
+to
do=
It
be
+adj.+
(for/of
sb)
+to
do
sth
eg.
This
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
=It’s
difficult
to
answer
the
question.
The
man
is
hard
to
work
with.=It’s
hard
to
work
with
the
man.
当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。
Eg.
He
wants
water
to
drink.
??
She
has
a
room
to
live
in.
I
will
go
to
Beijing
tomorrow.
Do
you
have
anything
to
be
taken
there?
二、语法专题──冠词的考点
1.
考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。
2.
考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in
case
of
fire,
be
wounded
in
the
leg,
on
the
telephone,
leave
college等。
3.
考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a
success;
a/an+专有名词表泛指，an
Edison。
4.
考查零冠词的用法。
三、题型归纳──结构型单项填空
结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断。
1.
有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解。
2.
标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。
3.
插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。
4.
倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词＋主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were,
had,
和should应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as,
though引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not
until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not
only…but
also…连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no
sooner…tham…,
hardly…when…,
scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no
sooner,
hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。
10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在so/such…that…引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。
5.
强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。
6.
独立主格结构。1)
n+to
do;
2)
n+doing;
3)
n+done;
4)n+prep.+n.;
5)
n+adj/adv;
6)n+n;
7)
with+n+to
do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.
1.
He
said
he
would
do
what
he
could____
us.
A.
help
B.
to
help
C.
helping
D.
helped
2.
He
spent
all
the
money
he
had____
that
dictionary.
A.
buy
B.
to
buy
C.
buying
D.
bought
3.
There
are
more
than
three
thousand
students
in
my
school,
most
of____
from
the
country.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
whom
D.
them
4.
It
is
his
cleverness,
not
his
strenth,
____
defeated
his
rival.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
who
5.
The
way
you
think
of_____
our
living
conditions
sounds
reasonable.
A.
improve
B.
to
improve
C.
improving
D.
improvement
6.
I
feel
strongly
that
whatever
you____
matter
to
me.
A.
don’t
B.
do
doesn’t
C.
don’t
do
D.
doesn’t
do
7.
Is
this
school____
you
studied
in
two
years
ago?
A.
that
B.
when
C.
it
D.
the
one
8.
Please
tell
me
the
way
thought
of____
the
garden.
A.
take
care
of
B.
to
take
care
of
C.
taking
care
of
D.
how
to
take
care
of
9.
Mr
Wang
was
much
disappointed
to
see
the
washing
machine
he
had
had____
went
wrong
again.
A.
it
repaired
B.
to
be
repaired
C.
repaired
D.
repairing
10.
We
will
do
everything
we
can____
our
city.
A.
to
save
B.
save
C.
saving
D.
saved
11.
The
air
quality
in
Beijing
as
well
as
in
the
neighboring
cities
we
once
spent
much
time____
better
and
better.
A.
in
getting
B.
having
got
C.
in
is
getting
D.
has
got
12.
Who
did
the
teacher,
as
well
as
the
monitor,
____
an
article
for
the
wall
newspaper?
A.
has
write
B.
has
written
C.
have
write
D.
have
written
13.
What
do
you
consider____
to
her?
A.
to
happen
B.
happening
C.
happened
D.
happens
14.
Mr
Reed
made
up
his
mind
to
devote
all
he
had
to____
some
schools
for
poor
children.
A.
set
up
B.
setting
up
C.
have
set
up
D.
having
set
up
15.
To
his
joy,
the
day
he
looked
forward
to____
at
last?
A.
coming
B.
come
C.
came
D.
have
come
16.
How
long
do
you
think
it
is____
she
arrived
here?
A.
when
B.
that
C.
before
D.
since
1-5
BCDAB??
6-10
BDBCA??
11-16
CCCBCD
?
第3讲
一、Language
points
1.?
owe
sb
sth=owe
sth
to
sb:欠某人某物
???
owe
sth
to
sb/sth:
将…归功于…
???
owing
to…:
由于…
????
＝thanks
to/because
of/due
to…
2.?
think
highly/poorly/little/a
lot
+of
sb/sth
???
speak
highly/well/badly
+of
sb/sth
???
sing
high
praise
for
sb/sth
3.?
apologize
to
sb
for
(doing)
sth
???
make
an
apology
to
sb
for
(doing)
sth
???
excuse
sb
for
(doing)
sth
???
forgive
sb
for
(doing)
sth
???
pardon
sb
for
(doing)
sth
4.?
make
an
impression
on
sb
???
have
an
impression
of
sth
???
impress
sth
on/upon
one’s
mind
5.
serve?
in
the
army
?????????
on
the
office
???
serve
the
people/the
dish
???
serve
sb
with
sth=serve
sth
to
sb
???
serve
as
the
chairman
6.
make
jokes
about:
取笑，
拿…开玩笑
＝make
a
joke
about
???
laugh
at:
嘲笑
???
have
a
joke
with
sb:
开某人的玩笑
???
play
a
joke
on
sb=play
tricks
on
sb:
戏弄
???
in
joke:
闹着玩，开玩笑
7.????????????
to
do
???
It’s
time+??
for
sth
??????????????
For
sb
to
do
sth
???????
??????
That-clause（一般过去时）
8.?
the
one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些
???
one:
替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指
???
it:
指上文提到的同一个事物???
that:
替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词
9.?
none:
用来回答how
many/how
much引导的问句，常与of连用
???
no
one:
只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句
???
neither:
两者都不，表单数
???
nothing:
用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句
10.?
cloth?
布(u.):
a
piece
of
cloth
??????????
表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe
up
the
water
with
a
cloth.
????
clothes:
衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词：
????????????
A
suit
of
clothes
注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用many,
few,
his,
my,
thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
????
clothing:
服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主语时谓语动词用单数。A
piece
of
clothing,
an
artcle
of
clothing
????
dress:
指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。
????
suit:
成套的衣服。
11.?
live:
活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实况直播的
????
lively:
活泼的，有生气的，生动的
????
alive:
活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语
????
living:
活着，健在的，现行的
12.?
receive:
收到，接到(客观动作)；accept:
接受，领受(主观意愿)
????
接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive
????
接受某条件、建议：只用accept
13.
turn+adj:
常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象
????????????
The
weather
has
turned
much
colder.
?????
go+adj:
常表示由好变坏的情况：The
milk
went
wrong/bad.
?????
become+adj:
强调施动者的作用或变化的结果
?????????????????
Please
don’t
get
angry.
?????
come+adj:
一般表示向好的方面变化。
???????????????
My
dream
has
come
true.
14.
含有插入语的疑问句：
What
do
you
think
has
happened
to
him?
How
do
you
suppose
the
film
will
end?
Why
do
you
believe
he
is
unfit
for
the
office?
15.
主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we,
谓语是think
/suppose
/believe
/hope
/imagine
/expect
/guess
/know
/feel
/be
sure
/be
told时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。
She
think
it
is
a
good
idea,
doesn’t
she?
I
think
it
is
a
good
idea,
isn’t
it?
I
don’t
think
it
is
a
good
idea,
is
it?
二、语法专题──代词的考点
1.
不定代词：(1)all,
any,
none,
both,
either,
neither;
(2)another,
other,
the
other,
others,
the
others;
(3)复合不定代词：someone,
anyone,
everyone,
no
one;
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing.
2.
it的用法：
(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词this,
that。
(2)it作引导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型。
3.
替代词one,
ones,
the
one,
the
ones,
that,
those的用法。
4.
人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致。
三、题型归纳──习语、搭配型单项填空
语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果，不能随意改变。其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语习语及搭配的掌握和运用，这就需要在平时多加注意和积累，切不可想当然。
1.
介词后的宾语：介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要注意一些习惯用法。如：far
from
satisfied
/over;
take
sth
for
granted;
in
hospital与in
the
hospital;
at
sea与at
the
sea。
2.
冠词的增删：固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变化。如：in
prison与in
the
prison;
in
bed与on
the
bed;
in
school与in
the
school;
in
possession
of与in
the
possession
of;
in
charge
of与in
the
charge
of;
in
front
of与in
the
front
of。
3.
非谓语动词短语的考查重点：一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如：to
be
true;
to
tell
you
the
truth;
to
be
exact;
judging
by/from;
exactly
speaking;
frankly
speaking;
compared
to/with等。
4.
动词的搭配。如：mean
to
do
sth/mean
doing
sth;
forget
to
do
sth/forget
doing
sth;
be
used
to
doing
sth/used
to
do
sth;
head
for/go
to;
lend
to/borrow
from;
set
about/set
out;
write
down/take
down/put
down等。
5.
动词短语。如：have
a
cold/catch
cold;
take
place/take
one’s
place等。
6.
短语动词。如：run
out/run
out
of;
stick
to/keep
on;
bring
in/bring
on等。
7.
形容词短语。如：be
strict
with/in;
different
from/in;
be
careful
of/with等。
8.
名词短语。如：the
number
of/a
number
of;
a
knowledge
of等。
1.
No
matter
what
you
see,
don’t
take
it
for____,
but
use
your
head
to
think
it
over.
A.
grant
B.
granting
C.
granted
D.
grantness
2.
When
writing,
he
often
keeps
a
dictionary____.
A.
in
hand
B.
on
hand
C.
at
hand
D.
hand
in
3.
His
wife
often
goes
to____
on
Sundays.
A.
church
B.
a
church
C.
the
church
D.
churching
4.
It
is
good
for
you
in
your
future
life____
English.
A.
have
good
knowledge
of
B.
to
have
good
knowledge
of
C.
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
D.
has
a
good
knowledge
of
5.
____
what
he
said,
he
has
been
to
Australia.
A.
Judge
by
B.
Judged
by
C.
Judging
from
D.
To
judge
from
6.
She
is
always
ready
to
help
others
and
asking
for
nothing____.
A.
in
return
B.
in
case
C.
in
addition
D.
in
turn
7.
They
held
a
ceremony____
those
killed
in
the
battle.
A.
instead
of
B.
in
favor
of
C.
by
means
of
D.
in
honor
of
8.
The
man____
the
shop
said
we
could
have
two
days
off.
A.
in
charge
of
B.
in
the
charge
of
C.
take
charge
of
D.
take
the
charge
of
9.
When
they
got
to
America,
they
nearly____
money.
A.
ran
out
B.
ran
out
of
C.
ran
away
D.
ran
away
from
10.
Word
came
that
Brown____
the
record
in
yesterday’s
match.
A.
made
B.
stroke
C.
beat
D.
hit
11.
Look,
little
Betty
is
giving
a
talk
to
the
children
and
is____
a
teacher.
A.
somebody
of
B.
anybody
like
C.
something
of
D.
like
anything
12.
Mr
Wang
is
very
old,
but
he
works
like
a
young
man.
In
deed,
I
can’t
admire
him____.
A.
very
much
B.
so
well
C.
too
much
D.
quite
well
1-6
CCACCA??
7-12
DABCCC
?
第4讲
一、Language
points
1.?
?????
?
sth
????????????
sth
for
sth
??
prepare+??
for
sth
????????????
to
do
sth
??
be
prepared
for
??
be
prepared
to
do
sth
??
make
preparations
for2.
They
tied
for
first
place
in
the
game.
We
tied
with
the
visiting
team
in
the
basketball
match.
The
dog
is
tied
to
a
tree.
3.?
affect
vt.
影响
????
effect
n.
效果，作用
????
have
a
good/bad
effect
on
????
in
effect事实上
????
cause
and
effect因果
????
take
effect生效，起作用
????
come
into
effect生效，实行
????
effort
n.
努力
????
without
effort毫不费力
????
make
every
effort尽一切努力
????
spare
no
effort不遗余力
3.
weigh
vt.
称…的重量
?????????
vi.
重达…，
重量为…
?????
put
on
weight
?????
lose
weight
?????
by
weight
?????
in
meters/pounds/calories
?????
by
the
day/the
week/the
yard/the
dozen/the
ton
4.
?????????
in…参加…比赛
???
compete+?
with/against…与…竞赛/竞争
?????????????
for…角逐…，为获取…而竞赛
5.
Where
there
is
a
river,
there
is
a
city.
Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
Where
there
is
life,
there
is
hope.
6.
?
???????????
do
sth
?????????????????
not
do
sth
???
do
sth
than
do
sth
??
would
rather+??
=would
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
????????????????
=prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
????????????????
that-clause+?
did──表现在或将来
????????????????????????????
had
done──表过去
7.
do
damage
to
sth
live
one’s
dream
in
ruins/in
pieces
under
attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment
8.
almost:
差距比nearly小。可与never,
no,
no
one,
none,
??????????
nobody,
nothing,
nowhere等否定词连用，但不能
??????????
与not连用。
nearly:
不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成
??????
Not…nearly,
意为“远非…，远不及…”
二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点
1.
形容词和副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应注意这几点：(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为“所以”，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨。常见的有：close接近──closely仔细地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近──nearly
几乎；??
hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；
wide宽阔──widely广泛地；easy从容地──easily容易地
(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early,
straight,
slow,
enough,
fast,
hard,
long,
firm等。
2.
形容词和副词的词序：
(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enough
time/time
enough;
strong
enough。
(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，something
important。
(3)as,
how,
so,
too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，too
large
a
room;
how
interesting
a
film;
Mike
is
as
clever
a
boy
as
Tom。
(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，such
a
large
room;
但名词前是one,
some,
many,
all,
no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。
(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用途＋被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all,
both,
half,
double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some,
any,
no,
every,
each,
either,
neither,
enough,
much,
whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few,
last,
next,
other,
another,
more,
less,
most,
several,
least,
plenty
of等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词。
(6)倍数的表示法：A
is
n
times?
bigger
than??
B.
????????????????????????????
as
big
as
???????????????????????????
the
size
of
John
has
five
times
as
many
books
as
mine.
3.
形容词和副词的比较等级：
(1)当A>B时，比较级＋than
(2)当A>B，且B包含A时
He
is
older
than
any
of
the
other
boys(=any
other
boy)
in
his
class.
当A>B，但B不包含A时
He
is
richer
than
any
of
the
people
here.
I’m
taller
than
any
student
of
your
class.
(3)比较级＋and＋比较级：表示自身的变化
??
The＋比较级，the＋比较级：表示随之变化。
(4)“否定词＋谓语＋比较级”相当于最高级
I’ve
never
seen
a
nicer
bird
than
this
one.
How
beautifully
she
sings!
I
have
never
heard
a
better
voice.
(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有：cpmparative(ly),
relative(ly),
particular(ly),
special(ly),
excellent(ly),
extreme(ly),
perfect(ly),
complete(ly)等。
(6)more+原级+than:
与其说…不如说…。
(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有：any,
even,
far,
much,
rather,
still,
yet,
a
bit,
a
little,
a
lot,
by
far,
但不可加very,
many,
more,
fairly,
quite(但quite
better除外)。
4.
形容词和副词的成分区别：
(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid,
alike,
alive,
alone,
ashamed,
asleep,
awake,
ill,
well,
若要作定语，则分别改用frightened,
similar,
living,
lone,
shy,
sleeping,
waking,
sick,
healthy;
有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。
(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。
He
hurried
home,
full
of
fear./
All
men
all
created
equal.
三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空
在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级。
1.
----Why?
Tom,
your
shirt
is
so
dirty?
----Mom,
I____
my
store
room
downstairs.
A.
cleaned
B.
have
cleaned
C.
was
cleaning?
D.
have
been
cleaning
2.
----I
think
Gorge
doesn’t
really
care
for
TV
plays.
?
----Right,
____
he
still
watches
the
program.
A.
and
B.
but
C.
or
D.
so
3.
If
you
can’t
come
tomorrow,
we’ll____
have
to
hold
the
meeting
next
week.
A.
yet
B.
even
C.
rather
D.
just
4.
I’m
going
to
Beijing
tomorrow.
Do
you
have
anything____
to
your
brother
there?
A.
to
take
B.
to
be
taken
C.
taken
D.
take
5.
We
are
sure
everything
here____
by
the
time
you
come
back
from
abroad
in
a
few
years.
A.
had
changed
B.
will
have
changed
C.
had
been
changed
D.
will
have
been
changed
6.
Hello,
you____
323-65668.
I’m
sorry
but
I’m
unable
to
answer
your
call
right
now.
A.
reached
B.
are
reaching
C.
have
reached
D.
had
reached
7.
The
meeting
is
not
over,
and
you____
not
leave.
A.
will
B.
shall
C.
may
D.
need
8.
Had
I
learnt
English
well,
I____
the
interview
for
the
job
tomorrow.
A.
would
take?
B.
would
have
taken
C.
shall
take?
D.
could
be
taken
9.
Bob
is____
honest
boy,
and
he
won’t
tell
lies.
A.
most
B.
the
most
C.
a
most
D.
very
much
10.
With
the
doctor’s
treatment,
Sally
feels____
better
now.
A.
very
B.
fairly
C.
so
D.
quite
11.
Though
the
ship
sunk,
all
the
people
on
her____
be
resuced.
A.
could
B.
should
C.
had
to
D.
were
able
to
12.
We
will
all
appreciate____
you
can
come
to
join
us
in
developing
my
hometown.
A.
that
if
B.
it
if
C.
it
that
D.
that
when
13.
____
he
said
to
us
yesterday____
true?
A.
What
can,
was
B.
That
can,
was
C.
Can
what,
be
D.
Can
that,
be
14.
He
told
me
that
he
would
remember
the
days
in
Beijing
University
forever____
he
got
much
help
there
from
Professor
Zhu.
A.
where
B.
which
C.
that
D.
when
15.
____
is
what
he
did,
not
what
he
said,
that
moved
us
greatly.
A.
It
B.
This
C.
Which
D.
As
1-5
DBDBD?
6-10
BBACD?
11-15
DBCDA
?
?
第5讲
一、Language
points
1.
???
?????
sth：与…一致/符合
????????????
sb：同意某人
??????
with?
one’s
idea/opinion?
同意某人的意见
????????????
what
sb
said??????
(观点，所说的话)
??
???
to
on’s
plan/arrangement/suggestion
agree???
同意某人的计划、安排、意见
??????
about/on/upon
sth同意做某事
??????
to
do
sth
??????
that-clause
2.??????????
of/about
sth?
提醒
?
remind
sb?
to
do
sth
????????????
that-clause?
使人回忆起…
3.?
add…to…：把…加上(在)…
???
add
to=increase：增添，增进
???
add
up
(to)：加(起来是)，总计达…
4.?
success?
n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事???
succeed?
v.??
successful?
a.?
successfully?
ad.
???
be
successful
in
(doing)
sth
???
succeed
in
doing
sth???????
成功做某事
???
have
success
in
doing
sth
???
Sb/sth
is
a
success.
5.
be/stay/keep+in
touch
with
表状态
be
out
of
touch
with
get
in
touch
with?
表动作
lose
touch
with
6.?
in
case
of+短语
in
case+从句
?
in
no
case决不
?
in
any
case无论如何
?
in
that
case如果那样
7.
expensive/cheap
valuable/valueless
priceless=very
expensive：无价的
8.
respond
(vi)+
to…：对…回应
???????????????
with/by：以…(方式)回答，响应
???
resonse
(n.)
9.
be
harmful
to
sb/sth
do
sb/sth
harm
do
harm
to
sb/sth
do
sb/sth
good
do
good
to
sb/sth
10.
die
out：(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝；
???????????
(习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭
die
away：(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失)
die
down：(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失
die
off：先后死去了；…死去
die
of：死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等)
die
from：死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)
11.?
as
a/the
result
of：由于…
as
a
result：结果，因此
result
from：因…而引起
result
in=cause：导致，致使…
12.
take
measures
to
do
sth：采取措施
make
clothes
to
one’s
own
measure：量体裁衣
13.
late：晚，迟，不久前
lately=recently：近来
last：最后，最后的
latest：最近的，最新的
later：后来；结构常为：一段时间＋later：过了…之后
14.
adapt
to
sth/sb：适应某物/某人
adapt
sth/sb
to
sth/sb：使某物/某人适应某物/某人
adapt
oneself
to：使自己适应某事
adapt
from：根据…改写/改编
adapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件
You
should
adapt
yourself
t
the
new
environment.adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应
?
You
can’t
see
through
the
telescope
until
it
is
adjusted
to
your
eyes
fit：多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”
?
The
shoes
fitted
me
well.
suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等
??
No
dish
suits
all
taste.
match：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称
??
A
red
jacket
doesn’t
match
green
trousers.
adopt?
sb：收养
??????
sth：采用
15.
devote
oneself/time/life
to???
look
forward
to????????????
doing
sth
be/get
used
to
stick
to/get
down
to/object
to
16.
free
of
charge
for
free
be
free
from
set
sb/sth
free
17.
by
force：靠武力，强行
be
in
force：生效
come/go
into
force：生效
force
one’s
way：强行前进或进入
18.
It’s
one’s
turn
to
do
sth：轮到某人干某事
take
one’s
turn：依次，轮到某人
in
turn：依次，轮流，反过来，转而
by
turns：轮流，交替
take
turns
(at)
doing
sth/to
do
sth：轮流干某事
二、语法专题──介词的考点
1.
常用介词的意义区别
(1)表示时间?
at+时间点：在…时刻，在…点钟，在…岁时
???????????
on+某天或某天的某个时间：在某日、星期几、某日早中晚等
???????????
in+时间段：在…期间，在…以后，在…时间内
???????????
by+时间：在…之前，不迟于…，常与完成时连用
(2)表示方位：in/on/to/off
(3)表示部位
on+
the
head/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位
in+
the
face/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打较软或凹形的部位
by+
the
arm/hand/nose:
表示牵、拉、抓某部位
(4)表示之间：between/among
(5)表示方式?
by：乘…(交通工具)，通过…(方法)，常接无冠词名词或动名词
with：以…工具/手段，用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具
in：表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等
through：通过…途径/方式/方法
(6)表示穿越?
through：表示从物体里面穿过，还可表示沿着街道、河流走
across：表示从物体表面经过，还可表示横过街道、河流
over：表示从物体上方越过，还可表示挎在肩上
2.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
3.
with的复合结构
4.
含有介词的固定搭配
①有无冠词，意义不同
in
front
of/in
the
front
of
in
charge
of/in
the
charge
of
out
of
question/out
of
the
question
at
table/at
the
table
on
earth/on
the
earth
②有无介词，意义不同
know
sb.认识某人/know
about
sb.了解某人
shoot
sb.击中某人/shoot
at
sb.向某人射击
search
sb.搜身/search
for
sb.搜寻某人
believe
sb.相信某人的话/believe
in
sb.信任某人的人格
benefit
sb.使某人受益/benefit
from
sb.从某人那里得到益处
③不要画蛇添足
serve
for
the
people为人民服务
enter
into
the
room进入房间
follow
behind
me跟在我后面
at
the
moment…
…就…
in
this/that/last/next
year今年/那年/去年/明年
in
one/any/each/every/some/all
year
一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年
marry
with
sb.与某人结婚
go
to
abroad出国
live
in
upstairs住在楼上
④不要张冠李戴
be
caught
in
the
rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave
for
someplace动身去某地（不用to）
set
an
example
to
sb为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in
the
direction朝着…方向（不用to）
do
a
favor
for
sb帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different
from和…不同（不用with）
with
the
help
of在…的帮助下（不用under）
steal
sth
from
sb偷某人的东西（不用of）
⑤别丢三落四
drop
in
on
sb拜访某人（别丢了on）
drop
in
at
someplace参观某地（别丢了at）
look
down
upon瞧不起（别丢了upon）
think
of…as认为…是（别丢了of）
look
on…as认为…是（别丢了on）
rxplain
to
sb
sth向某人解释某事（别丢了to）
from
behind
the
door从门后面（别丢了behind）
be
worth
listening
to值得一听（别丢了to）
三、题型归纳──逻辑型单项填空
这类题型主要从句子的形式、句子的意义来考查对英语句子的把握和理解情况，具体表现在主谓一致、意义一致、人称一致、非谓语动词及介词的逻辑主语一致等方面。
1.
Qiong
Yao
with
her
works____
very
popular
with
us
young
people.
A.
be
B.
are
C.
were
D.
become
2.
What
I
like
best,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
____,
in
my
opinion,
the
books
my
brother
bought
me
as
my
birthday
present
last
week.
A.
are
B.
is
C.
have
D.
existed
3.
The
teacher
told
us
that
practice____
perfect.
A.
make
B.
makes
C.
made
D.
making
4.
Hurry
up,
if
you____
there
with
us.
A.
go
B.
will
go
C.
would
go
D.
could
go
5.
At
the
age
of
seven,
____.
A.
his
father
died
B.
he
lost
his
father
C.
his
dog
followed
him
D.
his
parents
divorced
6.
____,
his
mother
saw
him
playing
games
with
other
children.
A.
On
his
way
home
B.
From
his
room
C.
From
her
office
D.
Under
his
nose
7.
She
has
long
been
expecting
a
chance
to
study
abroad
and
at
last
she
got____.
A.
it
B.
that
C.
another
D.
one
8.
If
a
student
can
make
what
has
been
learned____
whether
in
class
or
from
social
practice,
he
will
make
steady
progress.
A.
his
own
B.
him
C.
himself
D.
his
9.
He
is
one
of
the
students
who,
I’m
sure,
always
do____
best.
A.
his
B.
their
C.
my
D.
one’s
10.
Neither
Rose
nor
Henry
likes
to
attend
the
meeting,
____?
A.
does
she
B.
does
he
C.
do
they
D.
did
you
11.
____
more
attention,
the
tree
may
grow
better.
A.
Give
B.
Giving
C.
Given
D.
To
give
12.
Someone
must
have
taken
it
away
this
morning,
____?
A.
haven’t
they
B.
hasn’t
he
C.
don’t
they
D.
didn’t
he
13.
----What
do
you
think
worries
him
so
much?????
----____.
A.
He
didn’t
pass
the
exam
B.
His
father
is
seriously
ill
C.
Lost
his
bikeD.
What
Jim
said
just
now
14.
Miss
Wilson,
whose
parents
are____
working
in
China,
is
studying
in
Peking
University
now.
A.
either
B.
all
C.
both
D.
no
15.
The
teacher
as
well
as
a
number
of
students____to
attend
the
party
yesterday.
A.
were
asked
B.
was
asked
C.
were
asking
D.
was
asking
1-5
DABBB
6-10
CDDBC
11-15
CDDCB
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
第6讲
一、Language
points
1.
keep
a
record
of
keep
records
of
break/beat
the
record
for/in+比赛项目
hold/keep
the
record
of
set
(up)
the
world
record
for/in+比赛项目
set
up
a
new
world
record
make
a
record/make
records
play/put
on
a
record
2.
?
????
sb/sth=be
satisfied
with
sb/sth
???
satisfy?
one’s
desires/hunger/thirst
??????????
the
conditions
to
one’s
satisfaction
adj.:
satisfying,
satisfied,
satisfactory
3.
treat?
a
disease
?????????
sb
treat
sb/oneself
(to
sth)
This
is
my
treat.
Dutch
treat
4.
explain/whisper
sth
to
sb
=explain/whisper
to
sb
sth
in
a
whisper=in
whispers
5.
character:
性格，人物，汉字
characteristic:
特征，特点
6.
trouble
sb
to
do
be
troubled
with
ask/look
for
trouble
get
into
trouble
be
in
trouble
get
out
of
trouble
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth
have
trouble
with
sth
make
trouble：闹事
take
(the)
trouble
to
do：尽力/设法做…
put
sb
to
the
trouble
of
doing：麻烦某人做…
7.?
turn
on???????????
turn
off
turn
in???????????
give/hand
out
turn
up??????????
turn
down
turn
around/round???????
turn
away
turn
over
turn
back
turn
out
(to
be)turn
to
sb/sth
7.
only
if…:
只有，只要…
?????
????????????????????
had
done──过去
???
if
only:
要是…该多好＋?
did/were──现在
??????????????????????????
would/should
do???
将来
??????????????????????????
did/were??????????
9.
at
one
time=once
at
times=sometimes
at
all
times=always
at
a
time=each
time
for
a
time=for
some
time
at
no
time
at
the
same
time
10.
supply
sth
to
sb=supply
sb
with
sth
provide
sth
for
sb=provide
sb
with
sth
offer
sb
sth=offer
sth
to
sb
11.
have
a
habit
of
doing
form/develop
the
habit
of
be
in
the
habit
of
12.
face
the
music:
临危不惧
play
music=perform
music
13.
more
than:
不仅仅，超过
more
than
one+n.(单)+V(单)：不止一个
?
More
than
one
student
likes
this
film.
more
than+n/adj:
远非，不仅仅是…
?
Bamboo
is
used
for
more
than
building.
no
more
than:
只有，仅仅
not
more
than=at
(the)
most:
最多…，不超过…
more…than…：与其说…不如说…
?
The
man
is
more
brave
than
wise.
14.?
the
next
time时间名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，此外，the
first
time,
every
time,
each
time,
the
moment,
the
minute,
the
second。
二、语法专题──动词和动词短语的考点
1.
动词和动词短语的考查重点是放在特定语境中的辨析
2.
几组常考的动词短语
1.
get
along：离开，进展，继续
?
get
across：越过，使…让人理解
?
get
away：逃走，逃避，得以离开
?
get
back：回来，取回
?
get
down：记下，吞下
?
get
off：下车(飞机)，下班
?
get
on：上车
?
get
in：上车，收割，到站，插话
?
get
up：起床，站起，(风)变猛烈
?
get
through：(电话)接通，通过，用完，完成
?
get
together：聚会，收集
2.
take
away：拿走，带走，消除(病痛等)，减去
?
take
down：取下，记下，拆掉，吞下，病倒
?
take
out：拔掉，切除，带(某人)出去，获得
?
take
off：脱掉，起飞，成功
?
take
up：占据(时间或空间)，以…作为爱好或消遣，从事3.
break
away
(from):
逃掉，脱离，改掉
?
break
down：出故障，失败，中断
?
break
in：突然进来，插嘴
?
break
into：强行进入，插嘴
?
break
out：突然发生，爆发
?
break
up：解散，结束，破裂，绝交
4.
come
about：发生
?
come
across：(偶然)遇见
?
come
on(upon)：偶然碰见，出现
?
come
on：来吧，快点，加油
?
come
along：一道去
?
come
in：到来，进来，上市
?
come
out：出来，出版，有…结果
?
come
over：来访，产生
?
come
round：来访，到来
?
come
to：来到，合计，苏醒，谈到
5.
pick
out：挑选，找出
?
pick
up：拿起，捡起，收拾，学会；(用车)来接，去取：
?????????
改进，改善，重新开始，继续，感染(疾病，坏习惯)
6.
give
away：赠，送，泄露，出卖
?
give
back：归还，送回
?
give
in：屈服，让步，投降
?
give
off：发出(蒸汽，光等)
?
give
out：分发，耗尽，筋疲力尽，发出(气味，热等)
?
give
up：放弃
7.
cut
down：砍倒，削减，压缩
?
cut
in：插入，插话，插队
?
cut
off：切断，隔断，断绝
?
cut
out：剪成，戒掉
?
8.
make…into(out
of)…：使…成为(变成)…
?
make…of(from)…：由…制成…(多用被动式)
?
make
for：往…去，有助于
?
make
it：及时赶到，成功，做成
?
make
out：理解，看清，填写，假装
?
make
up：构成，编写，编造，和解，弥补，凑足，准备好
9.
look
about/around：环顾四周，四处看
?
look
after：照顾，照料
?
look
at：看，注视
?
look
down
on/upon：看不起
?
look
for：寻找
?
look
forward
to：期盼(to为介词)
?
look
into：调查
?
look
like：看起来像，似乎要
?
look
out：向外看，当心，找出
?
look
over：审阅，翻阅，检查
?
look
through：翻看，浏览
?
look
to：注意，负责
?
look
up：查阅，看望
?
look
up
to：尊敬
11.
bring
about：引起，导致
??
bing
back：送还，带回，使想起
??
bring
down：降低（温度，价格）
??
bring
on：带来，引起??
bring
out：取出，显示出，衬托出，出版，推出（作品）
??
bring
through：使渡过（困难，危机）
??
bring
up：提出，培养，呕吐
12.
call
at：访问（某地）
??
call
away：叫走，转移（注意力）
??
call
back：唤回，回电话
??
call
for：去取（某物），去接（某人），要求，号召
??
call
in：叫来，召集
??
call
off：叫走，转移开，取消
??
call
on：造访（某人）
??
call
(up)
on
sb
to
do
sth：叫（请）某人做某事，号召某人做某事
??
call
out：大声叫（喊）
??
call
up：（给…）打电话
14.
go
back：回去，回顾，回溯
??
go
by：（从…）旁边经过，（时间、机会）过去，以…为依据
??
go
down：下落，下降，减弱
??
go
in
for：参加（考试，比赛），从事（职业），爱好
??
go
into：到达，进入，从事，调查
??
go
out：出去，出国，熄灭
??
go
over：复习，演习，检查
??
go
through：通过，检查，审查，查找，经历，做完，用完
??
go
up：上升，上涨
15.
hold
back：阻止，忍住
??
hold
out：支持，坚持
??
hold
to：抓紧，坚持
??
hold
up：竖起，阻碍，延误
??
catch/get/seize/take
hold
of：抓住
??
keep
hold
of：抓住，握住
16.
put
away：收拾，放弃，打消，存蓄
??
put
down：放下，写下，使下车，镇压
??
put
off：推迟，推脱，使不高兴
??
put
on：穿，戴，上演，装（样子），开（电、灯），增加
??
put
out：扑灭，生产，发表，使不高兴
??
put
up：举起，撑起，架起，张贴
17.
set
about：开始或着做某事（+n./doing）
??
set
out：动身，开始，想要（+to
do）
??
set
up：建立，创立，树立
三、题型归纳──交际型单项填空
英语交际型试题主要考查社会交往中一些常用的日常交际用语，考查方式多以应答为主，提问为辅，并以跨文化交际中中英交际文化差异明显的交际项目为重点对象。主要包括对请求、建议的回答，对祝愿的回答，对道歉的回答，对感谢、观点的回答。
1.
----Help
yourself
to
some
apples
and
grapes,
please.??
----_____.
A.
Yes,
of
course
B.
Thank
you
C.
That’s
right
D.
Yes,
I
will.
2.
----Many
happy
returns
of
the
day!??
----____.
A.
The
same
to
you
B.
Me,
tooC.
Thank
you
D.
Don’t
be
polite
3.
----I’m
sorry
but
I
didn’t
mean
to
break
it.??
----_____.
A.
Why
not
be
careful
C.
Why
so
careless
C.
Be
careful
next
time
D.
You’re
too
foolish
4.
----Thank
you
for
your
help.??
----_____.
A.
With
pleasure
B.
No,
thanks
C.
It’s
my
pleasure
D.
I
didn’t
help
you
much
5.
----Bruce
works
very
hard.??
----_____.
A.
So
he
does
B.
So
does
he
C.
It’s
the
same
with
you
D.
So
you
do
6.
----Are
you
sure
it’s
going
to
snow
this
weekend????
----_____.
A.
I
don’t
think
B.
I
think
not
so
C.
I
don’t
think
about
it
D.
I
don’t
think
so
7.
----How
do
you
like
your
Chinese
teacher????
---_____.
A.
He
is
very
kind
B.
Yes,
I
like
him
very
much
C.
No,
I
dislike
him
D.
He
is
much
better
now
8.
----I’ll
be
away
for
a
few
days.
Would
you
mind
looking
after
my
dog?
???
----Not
at
all._______.
A.
I’d
rather
not
B.
I’d
be
glad
to
C.
I
have
no
time
D.
I’d
like
it
9.
---Hey,
look
where
you
are
going!??
----Oh,
I’m
terribly
sorry.____.
A.
I’m
not
noticing
B.
I
wasn’t
noticing
C.
I
haven’t
noticed
D.
I
don’t
notice
10.
----How
often
do
you
eat
out??
----____,
but
usually
once
a
week.
A.
Have
no
idea
B.
It
depends
C.
As
usually
D.
Generally
speaking
11.
----Go
for
a
picnic
this
weekend,
OK?
??
----_____.
I
love
getting
close
to
nature.
A.
I
couldn’t
agree
more
B.
I’m
afraid
not
C.
I
believe
not
D.
I
don’t
think
so
12.
----Let’s
go
and
have
a
good
drink
tonight.
??
----____
Have
you
got
the
first
prize
in
the
competition?
A.
What
for?
B.
Thanks
a
lot.
C.
Yes,
I’d
like
to
D.
Why
not?
13.
----Now,
where
is
my
purse?
----_____!We’ll
be
late
for
the
picnic.
A.
Take
your
time
B.
Don’t
worry
C.
Come
on?
D.
Take
it
easy
14.
----Excuse
me,
could
you
tell
me
the
time?
??
----Sorry.
I
don’t
have
a
watch
with
me.
??
----_____.
A.
It’s
a
pityB.
Thanks
a
lot
C.
I’m
sorry
to
hear
that.
D.
Thanks
anyway.
15.
----Do
you
think
I
could
borrow
your
bike???
----______.
A.
Yes,
you
may
borrow
B.
Yes,
you
could
C.
Yes,
help
yourself
D.
Yes,
go
on
1-5
BCCCA
6-10
DABBB
11-15
AACDC
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
第7讲
一、Language
points
1.?
choose：选中，选出（结果）
??
choose
from：从…中挑选
??
pick：挑选（小东西）
??
select：选择（过程）
??
elect：选举
??
vote：投票2. be
similar
to
???
the
same
as
3.?
light??
lit,
lit(后置定语、状语、表语，完成时，被动态)
?????????
lighted,
lighted(前前态一梦otet)
4.?
celebrate+sth
in
celebration
of/for
the
celebration
of：为了庆祝…
congratulate+sb+on+sth
5.?
give
away：离开，赠送
keep
away
(from)：使离开
break
away
(from)：脱离
put
away：存储
do
away
with：处理掉
turn
away：解雇
throw
away：扔掉
6.?
honour?
vt.
：尊敬，以…为荣
??????????
n.
：尊敬，(pl)光荣，荣誉
??
in
honor
of：为了纪念…，尊敬
??
a
sense
of
honour：廉耻心
??
show
honor
to
sb：尊敬某人
7.?
pain
(n.)：指一般的疼痛；pains：还有“麻烦，努力”之意
ache
(v.)：指局部较持久的疼痛，是陷痛；
(n.)常见在复合词中：headache,stomachace
hurt?
vt：伤害
????
vi：常指精神、感情伤害；也指肉体伤害。
8.?
a
bit/a
little：一点儿，在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及其比较级
not
a
bit=not
at
all
not
a
little=very
much
a
bit
of?
+n.(u)
a
little
9.?
in
a/one
word：简言之，总之
in
other
words：换句话说
in
words：用语言，口头上
word
(u)：消息，诺言
10.?
such
as：用于列举事物，且只列举部分
????
for
example/instance：用来举例说明，不表列举或等同
????
namely=that
is
(to
say)：即（列举全部）
11.?
develop
healthy
habits：养成健康的习惯
????
develop
an
interest
in
sth：培养…的兴趣
????
develop…into…：把…发展成为…
????
develop
from…：从…进化/发展起来
????
develop
natural
resources：开发自然资源
????
develop
films：冲洗胶卷
12.
现在进行时有时代替一般现在时，表示经常性或重复性的动作，句中常见的副词有：forever,
always,
repeatedly,
constantly,
也用every/each
day/year;
这时往往表达一种感情色彩，如：不满，厌烦，赞扬等。
She
is
always
helping
others.
The
problem
is
that
300
people
are
dying
each
day
from
illnesses
caused
by
smoking.
二、语法专题──动词的时态和语态的考点
1.
试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景多是以对话的形式出现，并且大多数发生在学生学习和日常生活中的真实情景。
2.
题干中的有效信息不再让人一眼看穿，而是隐藏在字里行间，近几年在这一类考题中，很少在情景中出现明显的时间信息，如时间状语等。
3.
解决时态和语态问题时，可遵循如下解题思路：
（1）这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的信息有哪些。
（2）动作与主语的关系，是被动还是主动。
4.
四组容易混淆的时态：
（1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作结果对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间是在过去，属于过去时的范畴。因此，一般过去时需跟表示过境的时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文，而现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
（2）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态。
（3）过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别：两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。
（4）将来完成时由“shall/will+have
done”构成，表示动作或状态延续到将来某一时刻，常用延续性动词，并带有一个表示将来某一时间的状语或状语从句，如：by
the
end
of
this
month,
by
then,
this
time
next
week,
by
the
time等；将来完成进行时由“shall/will+have
been
doing”构成，表示某个动作在将来的某个时间以前已经开始，并一直持续进行着。
5.
关于被动语态的几种特殊用法：
（1）主动形式表被动：表示感觉或变化的feel,
look,
smell,
sound,
taste,
turn,
prove,
get等系动词的主动形式表被动意义；动词let,
blame的不定式作表语或定语时，主动形式表被动意义。
（2）由“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态：这种形式的被动语态主要用于：①给自己做事（get
dressed穿衣）；②设法做到自己称心的事（get
elected当选）；③由于客观原因遇到不尽如人意的事（get
burned烧焦）；④表示命令（get
washed！去洗洗吧）。
（3）在表示“（某物）需要”的need,
want,
require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动。
（4）“据说类”的3个被动句型：如果我们要想把话说的谨慎些，可以用下列被动结构：①It
is
said
that…;②There
is
said
to
be…;③sb/sth
is
said
to…。能用于这类句型的动词还有believe,
think,
consider,
suppose,
hope,
suggest,
report,
know,
understand等。
6.
某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的：
（1）This/It
is
the
first/second…time+that-clause:
that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was,
则that从句用过去完成时。
（2）It
is/has
been+一段时间+since从句：since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was，则since从句中用过去完成时。
（3）be
about
to
do…when…:
意为“即将…（这时）突然…”。
（4）be(was/were)+doing…when…:
意为“正在干…（这时）突然…”。
（5）Hardly/Scarcely
had…done…when…;
No
sooner
had…done…than…,
when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚…就…”。
（6）It+be+一段时间+before从句：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。
三、题型归纳──综合型单项填空
综合型单项填空已经成为高考英语命题的一种趁势。要求具备以下的几个方面的知识的能力：
1.交际能力：在交谈中，我们必须了解并掌握各种不同交际功能的语言形式，才能正确理解说话者的心理，选出正确答案。
2.
对语境的理解能力：我们在弄清说话者的字面意义的基础上，还必须能够深层理解，看出言外之意，作出正确选择。
3.
扎实的词汇知识：一方面必须能正确辨别词汇的意义及感情色彩；另一方面必须掌握词汇的正确搭配及习惯或固**构。
4.
牢固的语法知识：我们必须掌握牢固的英语语言基础知识，对各种语言现象能用所学的知识进行科学的解释。
1.
----What
about____
passage?
?
----It’s
too
difficult____
passage
for
me.
A.
a,
a
B.
a,
the
C.
the,
a
D.
the,
the
2.
----How
is
your
grandmother??
----She____
for
many
years.
A.
died
B.
has
died
?
C.
has
been
died
D.
has
been
dead
3.
----Why
is
the
boy
crying
there??
----Because____
his
father.
A.
being
scolded
by
B.
scolding
C.
of
scolding
D.
of
being
scolded
by
4.
----What
do
you
think
make
Jenny
unhappy
and
worried?
?
----____
her
new
PC.
A.
Because
she
lost
B.
Lost
C.
As
a
result
of
losing
D.
Losing
5.
----Could
I
borrow
your
motor
bike??
----Yes,
of
course,
you____.
A.
might
B.
could
C.
can
D.
should
6.
----Can
I
help
you,
sir??
----Yes.
I
bought
this
radio
her
yesterday,
but
it____.
A.
didn’t
B.
won’t
work
C.
can’t
work
D.
doesn’t
work
7.
I
like____
in
the
autumn
when
the
weather
is
clear
and
bright.
A.
this
B.
that
C.
it
D.
one
8.
----You
haven’t
been
to
Beijing,
have
you?
?
----____.
How
I
wish
to
go
there!
A.
Yes,
I
have
B.
Yes,
I
haven’t
C.
No,
I
have
D.
No,
I
haven’t
9.
----Your
phone
number
again?
I____
quite
catch
it.
?
----It’s
9568442.
A.
didn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
don’t
D.
can’t
10.
----Will
$200____?
??
----I’m
afraid
not.
We
need
at
least
50
more
dollars.
A.
count
B.
satisfy
C.
fit
D.
do
11.
He
came
home
after
midnight,
and____,
he
got
drunk.
A.
worse
still
B.
that
means
C.
what’s
the
matter
D.
what
else
12.
You
can,
____,
come
to
join
us
in
the
singing
programme.
A.
if
you
happy
B.
when
you
possible
C.
if
you
please
D.
when
you
necessary
13.
Mr
Smith,
____
of
the____
speech,
started
to
read
a
novel.
A.
tired,
boring
B.
tiring,
bored
C.
was
tired,
bored
D.
was
tiring,
boring
14.
I
have
a
lot
of
books,
half
of____
novels.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
whom
D.
them
1-5
CDDDC
6-10
DCDAD
11-14
ACAD
?
?
第8讲
一、Language
points
1.
recognize
sb
as：认出某人是…
be
recognized
as：某人被认作…
?
recognize
sb
to
do
sth：承认某人做某事
?
recognize
that-clause
?
recognition
(n.)
2.
dress：既表动作，也表状态＋
dress
sb
????????????????????????????
be
dressed
in
?
have
on：表状态，不用于进行时
?
wear：表状态＋（衣服、鞋帽、领带、围巾、首饰、眼镜）
???????
表示某一时间的穿戴，常用进行时
?
put
on：表动作
3.
prove?
sth????????
sth
to
sb
sth?
to
be
????
as
(to
be)that-clause
4.
beyond
control：无法控制
?
in
control：控制着
?
under
control：控制中
?
out
of
control=lose
control
of：失控
5.
tear?
sth
to/into
pieces
??????
sth
in
half/into
halves
??????
sth
open
??????
sth
down
???????
at
sth：撕扯着…（表过程）
???????
sth：撕碎/撕破（表结果）
??????
up：毁掉
??????
off：脱去、跑掉
??????
away
from…：从…夺走
6.
attend
school/church
?
attend
the
meeting/lecture
?
join
party/league/club/sb
?
join
in
the
party/activity
7.
call
on
sb=drop
in
on
sb
?
call
at
a
place=drop
in
at
a
place
?
visit
+sb/a
place
?
pay
a
visit
to
a
place
8.
be
(well)
worth
+
n./doing
sth
?
be
worthy
+?
of+n.
?????????????
of+being
done
?????????????
to
be
done
9.??
pay
for
sth
pay
sb
for
sth
pay
sb
money
for
sth=pay
money
to
sb
for
sth
??
pay
off：全部还清
??
pay
back：偿还，归还；报复
10.
make/carry
out/perform/do
experiment
??
by
experiment
??
experiment
on/upon…：对…进行实验
二、语法专题──非谓语动词的考点
1.
非谓语动词的句法功能
具有哪些词的部分特征
可作哪些句子成分
?
名词
形容词
副词
主
宾
表
定
状
补
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
?
?
√
√
√
√
?
?
现在分词
?
√
√
?
?
√
√
√
√
过去分词
?
√
√
?
?
√
√
√
√
2.
不定式和分词作状语的比较
名称
状语类型
时间
目的
结果
原因
方式
条件
伴随
让步
不定式
?
√
√
√
?
?
?
?
现在分词
√
?
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
?
√
√
√
√
√
√
注：不定式和分词都可作结果状语，但用法和意义不同。不定式常和only,
never连用，强调意想不到的结果和失望的情绪；而分词往往与主句有因果关系，主句表原因，分词形式表结果。
3.
非谓语动词的选择原则：（1）与逻辑主语之间的关系：主谓或动宾；（2）与主谓语动词的时间关系：①在主谓语之前一般用完成式；②与主谓语同时发生一般用现在分词；③在主谓语之后一般用不定式。
4.
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词
建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；
放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；
注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；
允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。
它们所对应的动词或词组分别是：advise,
suggest,
risk,
devote
oneself
to;
have/bear/stand(忍受),
look
forward
to,
stop,
give
up,
delay,
put
off,
regret,
miss;
keep
(on)/insist
on/stick
to,
enjoy/appreciate,
feel
like,
practice,
finish;
pay
attention
to,
excuse,
escape,
avoid,
object
to;
consider,
require,
cannot
help,
forbid;
permit,
be/get
used
to,
mind;
be
worth,
set
about,
imagine.
三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决一
巧用首句信息：①利用首句把握文章的体裁：如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等，毫无疑问就是记叙文；如果文章开门见山点明话题或作者的观点，那么很可能就是议论文或说明文。②分析首句信息，预测下文内容：一般情况下，根据首句所给的线索，就能粗知短文的大概内容。由首句的提示，加上语法分析、逻辑推理，并借助于短文中关键词语所提供的信息以及上下文之间的关系，就能进一步确切了解短文内容，为确定答案开辟道路。
例1：Monty
owns
a
horse
ranch(牧场)
in
San
Sedro.
Once
when
asked
about
his____,
he
told
the
story
about
a
young
man,
son
of
a
horse
trainer.
A.
life
B.
success
C.
family
D.
education
[分析]从本文的开头可以断定是记叙文，同时第一句话还透露出Monty有一定的成就。从后文的“a
horse
trainer”可知他出身贫贱，由此可以断定，人们不是询问他的“生活”，“家庭”或“受教育”情况，而是询问他“成功的秘诀”。
例2：…Being
alone
in
outer
space
can
be
frightening.
That
is
one
reason
why
astronauts
on
solo(单独的)
space
flights
were
given
plenty
of
work
to
keep
them____.
A.
tired
B.
asleep
C.
conscious
D.
busy
[分析]文章开头谈到一个人进行太空旅行会感到很孤单，因此通常给单独旅行的宇航员安排很多工作以排遣这种孤独的情绪。由常识可知，人在忙碌的时候不会感到孤单，而其他三项都与第一句话没有关系。
例3：When
I
come
across
a
good
article
in
reading
newspapers,
I
often
want
to
cut
and
keep
it.
But
just
as
I
am
about
to
do
so,
I
find
the
article
on
the____
side
is
also
interesting…
A.
each
B.
other
C.
another
D.
either
[分析]作者非常喜欢阅读报纸上的文章，当他想要把那些好的文章剪下来保留时却发现其背面的文章也同样有趣。由文中的“newspapers”及常识可知报纸只有两面，故用other。
?
第9讲
一、Language
points
1.
when?
既可指时间的某一点，从句中的谓语动词可以是非延续性的，又可指一段时间（从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词），从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
???????
意为“这时”，常用结构：be
about
to…when…
??
as:
强调从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，而不是一前一后。
??
while:
表示两者情况对比。
2.?
be
of
＋抽象名词＝be
+
adj.
be
of
(great)
+
use/help/value/importance
=be
(very)
+
useful/helpful/valuable/important
3.
journey：适用范围广，可指陆海空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行。
?
trip：指短时间，短距离的旅行。
?
travel：泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词。
?
travels：多指旅行经历
journey和trip强调往返性，travel不侧重往返性，可以是章程旅行。
?
Voyage：海上旅行或航海。
4.
hope：指与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，不能接名词，双宾语或复合宾语。?
wish：多指美好的祝愿，或表达的是过去，现在或将来发生的令人遗憾的事，接从句时使用虚拟语气。
?
hope
for：希望、期待、对（某物）有信心
?
We
hope
you’ll
be
very
happy.
?
I
wish
I
had
gone
to
that
party.
?
We
haven’t
heard
from
him
for
a
long
time,
but
we
are
still
hoping
for
a
letter.
?
5.?
???????
n.诺言，有指望，有前途，可能性
???????????
There
is
a
promise
of
better
weather
tomorrow.
???????????
keep
a
promise→break
a
promise
promise?
carry
out
a
promise：履行诺言
???????????
fulfill
a
promise：实现诺言
?????????
v.许诺，答应，有…迹象，使…很有可能
???????????
I
can’t
promise,
but
I’ll
do
my
best.
The
clouds
promise
rain.
?
promising?
adj.
有前途的，有希望的
6.
put
up：搭起，建筑
?
set
up：建立，成立
?
build：建造
?
build
up：建立
?
found：创立，创办
7.
around/round
the
corner：在拐角处，即将到来
?
in
the
corner：在角落里
?
on
the
corner：在拐角上
?
at
the
corner：在拐角处（比on的范围大）
8.?
?????
sb/sth
?
praise?
sb
for
(doing)
sth：因…赞扬…
????????
sb
as…：称赞…是…
??
sing
high
praise
for：称赞…
??
in
praise
of：赞美
9.
population：对此进行提问时，要使用what，人口的“多，少”使用large,
small；表示“有多少人”时用“has
a
population
of…”。
?
population：用作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由其后面的表语来决定。
?
----What’s
the
population
of
China?
?
----China
has
a
population
of
1.3
billion.
?
The
population
of
New
Zealand
is
small.
??
The
population
of
developing
countries
are
mostly
peasants.
10.
come
to
terms
with：达成协议，妥协
??
take
possessions
of：获得，占有
??
in/with
relation
to：与…有关联，关于
??
in
memory
of
sb：为了纪念某人
??
match…with…：把…和…搭配起来
二、语法专题──情态动词和虚拟语气的考点
1.
表示推测：情态动词＋
be＋表：现在状态
???????????????????????
be
doing：现在动作
???????????????????????
have
done：过去
may/might
have
done：本可以干某事
can/could
have
done：本能够干某事
should/ought
to
have
done：本应该干某事
needn’t
have
done：本不必干某事
would/should
like/love
to
have
done：过去本想干某事
had
better
have
done：当初最好干某事
would
rather
have
done：当然真该干某事
注：情态动词表推测时，其反意疑问句，应把情态动词变为不是推测的来考虑。
2.
几个情态动词的辨析与特殊用法：
（1）can/could用于肯定句中表“可以”，或“能够”（强调与生俱来的能力）；be
able
to
强调过去设法完成的某一具体的动作。
（2）used
to表示过去常常干某事，暗示“现在不干了”，以及表示过去一直存在的状态；would表示过去常常干某事，但不涉及现在的情况，还可以表示过去一直烦人的事情。
（3）need/dare作为实义动词时，应用need/dare
to
do;
作为情态动词时，一般不用于肯定句中。
（4）shall用于第一、三人称，表示征询对方意见或请求；用于第二、三人称时，表示命令、强制、允诺或威胁。
（5）will可以表示意愿或必然趋势。
If
he
won’t
help
us,
all
our
plans
will
be
ruined.
The
window
won’t
open.
3.
虚拟语气应用于如下结构中：
（1）一种定语从句：It’s
time
that+did
（2）两种目的状语从句：
so
that/in
order
that+
can/may/could/might
+do
（3）三种随时变化句：
①???
wish???????
现在→did/were
?????
if
only??
＋?
过去→had
done
?
as
if/though??????
将来→could/would
do
②
would
rather
＋
现在/将来→did/were
????????????????
过去→had
done
③
现在：if+did/were,
would+
do
??
过去：if+had
done,
would+
have
done
??
将来：?
??
did
?????????
if+
were
to
do,
would+
do
?????????????
should
do
注意：除了由if引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or,
otherwise,
with,
without,
but
for来引导的。
（4）四种名词性从句：
①当表语是important,
natural,
necessary,
possible,
strange,
arranged,
decided,
demanded,
ordered,
requested,
suggested,
surprising,
a
pity,
no
woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
It’s
important
that
we
(should)
help
each
other.
②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command,
order)，三建议(advise,
propose,
suggest)，四要求(ask,
demand,
request,
require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
He
insisted
that
he
(should)
be
sent
to
the
West.
注：insist(坚持说),
suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如：
Her
pale
face
suggested
that
she
was
ill.
③idea,
plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例：
My
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
hold
a
class
meeting.
④idea,
plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
The
office
gave
an
order
that
his
soldiers
fight
back
bravely.
三、题型归纳──完形填空解题要决二
巧用上下文语境。①注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，我们应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文的基础上，再确定答案。②通读全文，利用复现词语：完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接，从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义整体。把握这些反复出现的词语，有助于我们确定正确答案。
例1：Reading
is
a
way
of
learning
English
without
classes
or
a
teacher.
It
helps
develop
learners’
independence.
And
while
reading
graded
readers,
learners
don’t
have
to
run
a____
because
the
language
is
at
their
level.
A.
dictionary
B.
teacher
C.
student
D.
recorder
[分析]because在此引导一个原因状语从句，因为读物中使用的语言符合读者的语言水平，读者当然不必求助于词典。
例2：All
of
a
sudden
I
started
to
feel
rather__1__.
She
wondered
why
I
was
looking
for
this
sort
of__2___.
I
felt
even
more
hopeless
when
she
told
me
that
it
would
be
difficult
to
get
a
job
without
experience.
1.
A.
encouraged
B.
dissatisfied
C.
hopeless
D.
pleased
2.
A.
place
B.
job
C.
advice
D.
help
[分析]文章讲到作者去应聘工作，既没有经验又信心，心里感到十分不踏实。从下文中的“I
felt
even
more
hopeless”可知第1题填“hopeless”，暗示作者那种无望的心情。而“it
would
be
difficult
to
get
a
job
without
experience”则呼应了第2题，故选job。
例3：Years
ago
in
Scotland,
the
Clark
family
had
a
dream.
Clark
and
his
wife
worked
and____,
making
plans
for
their
nine
children
and
themselves
to
travel
to
2(America)
.
It
had
taken
years,
but
they
had
?
3(finally)
saved
enough
money
and
had
gotten
passports
and
reservations
for
the
whole
family
on
a
new
liner
t
the
United
States.
A.
spent
B.
counted
C.
saved
D.
played
[分析]分析上面一段文字可知Clark夫妇存钱的目的是让一家人出去旅游。根据文中“but
they
had
3(finally)
saved
enough
money”可知第1题答案为C项。
地方。
2008高考英语知识串讲??????
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