初中英语知识点总结归纳

初中英语知识点总结归纳 本文简介：

初中英语知识点总结归纳Unit1一、知识点1.Checkin:在旅馆的登记入住。Checkout:在旅馆结账离开。2.By:①通过…..方式（途径）。例：IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotapes.②在…..旁边。例：bythewindow/thedoor③乘坐交通工具例：byb

初中英语知识点总结归纳 本文内容：

初中英语知识点总结归纳
Unit
1
一、知识点
1.Check
in
:
在旅馆的登记入住。

Check
out:
在旅馆结账离开。
2.By:
①通过…..方式（途径）。例：I
learn
English
by
listening
to
tapes.
②在…..旁边。例：by
the
window/the
door
③乘坐交通工具
例：by
bus/car
④在……之前，到……为止。例：by
October在10月前
⑤被
例：English
is
spoken
by
many
people.
3.how与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样
如何，通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为
什么，通常做宾语，主语。
①How
is
your
summer
holiday?
It’s
OK.(how表示程度
做表语)
②How
did
you
travel
around
the
world?
I
travel
by
air.
③What
do
you
learn
at
school?
I
learn
English,
math
and
many
other
subjects.
①
What…think
of…?
How…like…?
②
What…do
with…?
How…deal
with…?
③
What…like
about…?
How…like…?
④
What’s
the
weather
like
today?
How’s
the
weather
today?
⑤
What
to
do?
How
to
do
it?
e.g.
What
do
you
think
of
this
book?=How
do
you
like
this
book?
I
don’t
know
what
I
should
do
with
the
matter.=I
don’t
know
how
I
should
deal
with
it.
What
do
you
like
about
China?=How
do
you
like
China?
I
don’t
know
what
to
do
next
step?=I
don’t
know
how
to
do
it
next
step?
㊣
What
good
/
bad
weather
it
is
today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加
a
）
㊣
What
a
fine
/
bad
day
it
is
today!

（day为可数名词，其前要加
a
）
4.
aloud,
loud与loudly的用法
:
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。
如:
He
read
the
story
aloud
to
his
son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak,
talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She
told
us
to
speak
a
little
louder.
她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He
does
not
talk
loudly
or
laugh
loudly
in
public.
他不当众大声谈笑。
5.
voice
指人的嗓音
也指鸟鸣。
sound
指人可以听到的各种声音。
noise
指噪音、吵闹声
6.
find
+
宾语
+
宾补（名词
形容词
介词短语
分词等）
例：I
find
him
friendly.
I
found
him
working
in
the
garden.
We
found
him
in
bed.

He
found
the
window
closed.
We
found
her
honest.
7.
常见的系动词有：
①是：am
、is、
are
②保持：keep、
stay
③
转变：become、
get、
turn
④
……起来
feel、
look、
smell、
taste、
sound
8.
get
+
宾语+宾补（形容词
过去分词
动词不定式）
使某种情况发生
例：Get
the
shoes
clean.
把鞋擦干净
Get
Mr.
Green
to
come.
让格林先生进来
I
want
to
get
my
bike
repaired.
我想去修自行车
You
can’t
get
him
waiting.
你不能让他老等着
9.
动词不定式做定语
①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The
next
train
to
arrive
was
from
New
York.
He
is
always
the
first
to
come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系
I
have
nothing
to
say.
I
need
a
pen
to
write
with.
I
need
some
paper
to
write
on.

I
don’t
have
a
room
to
live
in.
10.
practice
,
fun
做名词为不可数名词
11.
add
补充说
又说
12.
join
加入某团体
并成为其中一员attend
出席参加会议或讲座
join
in与take
part
in指参加到某项活动中去。
13.all、
both、
always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none,

both---neither,
everything---nothing,
everybody---nobody.
14.
be
afraid
of
doing
sth.
/
sth.害怕
be
afraid
of
being
alone
be
afraid
to
do
sth.害怕
be
afraid
that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气
15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也”
②两者中的“任一”
③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则
16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词
finish指日常事物的完成
17.a,an
与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。
例：Please
give
me
a
second
apple.

There
comes
a
fifth
girl.
18.have
trouble/difficult/problem
(in)
doing…..
干…..遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless
除非，如果不，等于“if
not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
例：My
baby
sister
doesn’t
cry
unless
she’s
hungry.
=My
baby
sister
doesn’t
cry
if
she
isn’t
hungry.
Unless
you
take
more
care,
you’ll
have
an
accident.
如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。
20.instead:
adv.
代替，更换。
例：We
have
no
coffee,
would
you
like
tea
instead？
我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？
It
will
take
days
by
car,
so
let’s
fly
instead.
开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。
Tom
was
ill,
so
I
went
instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。
instead
of
doing
sth.
作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s
play
cards
instead
of
watching
TV.
We
sometimes
eat
rice
instead
of
potatoes.
Give
me
the
red
one
instead
of
the
green
one.
21.spoken
口头的，口语的。spoken
English
口头英语
speaking
讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking
skills讲英语的能力
22.
提建议的句子：
①What/
how
about
+doing
sth.?
如：What/
How
about
going
shopping?
②Why
don’t
you
+
do
sth.?
如：Why
don’t
you
go
shopping?
③Why
not
+
do
sth.
?
如：Why
not
go
shopping?
④Let’s
+
do
sth.

如：
Let’s
go
shopping
⑤Shall
we/
I
+
do
sth.?
如：Shall
we/
I
go
shopping?
23.
a
lot
许多
常用于句末
如：I
eat
a
lot.
我吃了许多。
24.
too…to
太…而不能
常用的句型
too+adj./adv.
+
to
do
sth.
如：I’m
too
tired
to
say
anything.
我太累了，什么都不想说。
25.
not
…at
all
一点也不
根本不
如：
I
like
milk
very
much.
I
don’t
like
coffee
at
all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at
all
则放在句尾
26.be
/
get
excited
about
sth.===
be
/
get
excited
about
doing
sth.
===
be
excited
to
do
sth.
对…感兴奋
如：
I
am
/
get
excited
about
going
to
Beijing.===
I
am
excited
to
go
to
Beijing.
我对去北京感到兴奋。
27.
①
end
up
doing
sth终止做某事，结束做某事
如：
The
party
ended
up
singing.
晚会以唱歌而结束。
②
end
up
with
sth.以…结束
如：
The
party
ended
up
with
her
singing.
晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
28.
first
of
all
首先
.
to
begin
with
一开始
later
on
后来、随
29.
also
也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
either
也（用于否定句）常在句末
too
也
(用于肯定句)

常在句末=as
well
30.
make
mistakes
犯错
mistake
sb.
for
…把……错认为……
make
mistakes
(in)
doing
sth.
在干某事方面出错
by
mistake
错误地；由于搞错
mistake---mistook----mistaken
如：I
often
make
mistakes.
我经常犯错。
I
mistook
him
for
his
brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。
make
a
mistake
犯一个错误
如：
I
have
made
a
mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
31.
laugh
at
sb.
笑话；取笑（某人）
如：Don’t
laugh
at
me!不要取笑我!
32.
take
notes
做笔记，做记录
33.
enjoy
doing
sth
.
喜欢做…乐意做…
如：
She
enjoys
playing
football.
她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy
oneself
过得愉快
如：He
enjoyed
himself.
他过得愉快。
34.
native
speaker
说本族语的人
35.
one
of
+(the+
形容词比较级)+名词复数形式
…其中之一
如：
She
is
one
of
the
most
popular
teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
36.
It’s
+形容词+(for
sb.
)
to
do
sth.
(对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s
difficult
(for
me
)
to
study
English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it
是形式主语，真正的主语是to
study
English
37.
practice
doing
练习做某事

如：
She
often
practice
speaking
English.
她经常练习说英语。
38.
decide
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
如：
LiLei
has
decided
to
go
to
BeiJing
.
李雷已经决定去北京。
39.
deal
with
处理
如：I
dealt
with
a
lot
of
problem.
40.
worry
about
sb./
sth.
担心某人/
某事
如：Mother
worried
about
his
son
just
now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
41.
be
angry
with
sb.
对某人生气
如：
I
was
angry
with
her.
我对她生气。
42.
perhaps
===
maybe
也许
43.
go
by
(时间)
过去
如：
Two
years
went
by.
两年过去了。
44.
see
sb.
/
sth.
doing
看见某人正在做某事
强调正在发生
see
sb.
/
sth.
do看见某人在做某事
如：
如：
She
saw
him
drawing
a
picture
in
the
classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
45.
each
other
彼此
46.
regard…
as
…
把…看作为….
如：
The
boys
regarded
Anna
as
a
fool.
这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
47.
too
many　许多　修饰可数名词　如：too
many
girls
too
much　许多　修饰不可数名词
如：too
much
milk
much
too　太　　修饰形容词

如：much
too
beautiful
48.
change…　into…　将…变为…
如：The
magician
changed
the
pen
into
a
book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
49.
with
the
help
of
sb.
==
with
one’s
help
在某人的帮助下
如：with
the
help
of
LiLei
==
with
LiLei’s
help
在李雷的帮助下
50.
compare
…
to
…　把…与…相比
如：Compare
you
to
Anna,
you
are
lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
二、短语：
1.by
making
flashcards
通过做单词抽认卡
2.
ask…for
help
向某人求助
3.read
aloud
朗读
4.that
way
(=in
that
way)
通过那种方式
5.improve
my
speaking
skills
提高我的会话技巧
6.for
example
(=for
instance)例如
7.have
fun
玩得高兴
8.have
conversations
with
friends
与朋友对话
9.get
excited
高兴，激动
10.end
up
speaking
in
Chinese
以说汉语结束对话
11.do
a
survey
about…
做有关…的调查
12.keep
an
English
notebook
记英语笔记
13.spoken
English
(=
oral
English)
英语口语
14.make
mistakes
犯错误
15.get
the
pronunciation
right
使发音准确
16.practise
speaking
English
练习说英语
17.first
of
all
首先
18.begin
with
以…开始
19.later
on随后
20.in
class在课堂上
21.laught
at
嘲笑
22.take
notes
记笔记
23.enjoy
doing
喜欢干…
24.write
down
写下，记下
25.look
up
(v
+
adv)
查找，查询
26.native
speakers
说本族话的人
27.make
up
编造，虚构，化妆，打扮
28.around
the
world
全世界
29.deal
with
对待，处理，解决
30.worry
about
(be
worried
about)
担心，担忧
31.be
angry
with
生某人的气
32.stay
angry
生气
33.go
by
消逝
34.
regard…as…
把…当做…
35.complain
about/of
抱怨
36.
change…into…
把…变成…
（=
turn
into）
37.with
the
help
of
在…的帮助下
38.
compare…to
(with)…
把…和…作比较
39.think
of
(think
about)
想起，想到
40.physical
problems身体上的问题
41.break
off
中断，突然终止
42.
not…at
all
根本不，全然不
三、句子
1.How
do
you
study
for
a
test?
你怎样为考试做准备？
2.I
have
learned
a
lot
that
way.
用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西。
3.It’s
too
hard
to
understand
the
voice.
听懂那些声音太难了。
4.Memorizing
the
words
of
pop
songs
also
helped
a
little.
记流行歌曲的词也起作用。
5.
Wei
Ming
feels
differently.
卫明有不同的感受。
6.He
finds
watching
movies
frustrating.
他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧.
7.She
added
that
having
conversations
with
friends
was
not
helpful
at
all.
她又说和朋友对话根本没用。
8.I
don’t
have
a
partner
to
practice
English
with.
我没有搭档一起练习英语。
9.Later
on,
I
realized
that
it
doesn’t
matter
if
you
don’t
understand
every
word.随后，我认识到听不懂每个词并没有关系。
10.It’s
amazing
how
much
this
helped.
我惊异于这些方法竟如此有用。
11.My
teacher
is
very
impressed.
给老师留下了深刻的印象。
12.She
had
trouble
making
complete
sentences.
她很难造出完整的句子。
13.What
do
you
think
you
are
doing?
你在做什么？
14.Most
people
speak
English
as
a
second
language.
英语对于大多数人来说是第二语言。
15.How
do
we
deal
with
our
problem?
我们怎样处理我们的问题？
16.It
is
our
duty
to
try
our
best
to
deal
with
each
challenge
in
our
education
with
the
help
of
our
teachers.
在老师的帮助下尽我们最大的努力来应对挑战是我们的责任。
He
can’t
walk
or
even
speak.他无法走路，甚至无法说话
Unit
2
一、知识点
1.
used
to
过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态.
后跟动词原形.
used
to
do
sth.
There
used
to
be
….（反意疑问句）didn’t
there?
否定形式为:
didn’t
use
to
或
usedn’t
to
疑问形式为:
Did…use
to…?
或
Used…to…?
be/get
used
to
doing
sth.习惯于,
to
为介词.
2.
wear
表示状态.
=be
in
+颜色的词
put
on
表示动作.
dress
+
人
给某人穿衣服.dress
sb.
/
oneself
have
on表示状态（不用于进行时态）
3.
on
the
swim
team
on
是…的成员,在…供职.
4.
Don’t
you
remember
me?
否定疑问句.（考点）
Yes,
I
do.
不,
我记得.
No,
I
don’t
是的,
我不记得了.
5.
反意疑问句:
①
陈述部分的主语为
this,
that,
疑问部分主语用it;
陈述部分主语用
these,
those,
疑问部分用they
做主语.
例:
This
is
a
new
story,
isn’t
it?
Those
are
your
parents,
aren’t
they?
②
陈述部分是
there
be
结构,
疑问部分仍用
there
例:
There
was
a
man
named
Paul,
wasn’t
there?
③
I
am
后的疑问句,
用aren’t
I
例:
I
am
in
Class
2,
aren’t
I?
④
陈述部分与含有
not,
no,
never,
few,
little,
hardly,
seldom,
neither,
none
等词时,疑问部分用肯定.
例:
Few
people
liked
this
movie,
didn’t
they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时,
这个句子仍视为肯定,
后面仍用否定.
例:
Your
sister
is
unhappy,
isn’t
she?
⑤
陈述部分的主语若为不定式或
V-ing
短语,
疑问部分主语用it.
例:
To
spend
so
much
money
on
clothes
is
unnecessary,
isn’t
it?
⑥
陈述句中主语是
nobody,
no
one,
everyone,
everybody
等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语;
若陈述部分主语是
something,
anything,
noting,
everything
等指事物的不定代词时,
疑问部分用it
做主语.
例:
Nobody
says
one
word
about
the
accident,
do
they?
Everything
seems
perfect,
doesn’t
it?
⑦
当主语是第一人称I时,
若谓动为think,
believe,
guess
等词时,
且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称,
时态要与宾语从句保持一致,
同时还要考虑否定转移.
例:
I
don’t
think
he
can
finish
the
work
in
time,
can
he?
⑧
前面是祈使句,
后用
will
you?
(let’s
开头时,
后用shall
we?)
6.
be
terrified
of
害怕的程度比
be
afraid
of
深.
7.
miss:
①
思念,
想念
例:
I
really
miss
the
old
days.
②
错过,
未中,
未赶上,
未找到.
例:
It’s
a
pity
that
you
miss
the
bus.
The
boy
shot
at
the
goal,
but
missed.
8.
no
more
(用在句中)=not…any
more
(用在句尾)
指次数;
no
longer
(用在句中)=not…any
longer
(用在句尾)
指时间.
9.
right:
①
adj.
正确的,
右边的②
n.
右方,
权利③
adv.
直接地.
10.
It
seems
that
Yu
Mei
has
changed
a
lot.
=
Yu
Mei
seems
to
have
changed
a
lot.
11.
afford
+
n.
/pron.
afford
+
to
do
常与can,
be
able
to
连用.
例:
Can
you
afford
a
new
car?
The
film
couldn’t
afford
to
pay
such
large
salaries.
12.
as
well
as
连词,
不但…而且…
强调前者.
(若引导主语,
谓动与前者在人称和数上一致
例:
Living
things
need
air
and
light
as
well
as
water.
生命不仅需要水,
还需要空气和阳光.
I
as
well
as
they
am
ready
to
help
you.
不仅是他们,
我也愿意帮助你.
13.
alone
=
by
oneself
独自一人.lonely
孤独的,
寂寞的.
14.
in
the
last/past
+
一段时间
during
the
last/past
+
一段时间与现在完成时连用.
15.
die
(v.)
dead
(adj.)
death
(n.)
dying
(垂死的)
16.
play
the
piano　弹钢琴
17.
①be/
become
interested
in
sth.
对…感兴趣
②be
interested
in
doing
sth.
对做…感兴趣
③show
great
interest
in
在……方面产生极大的兴趣
④a
place
of
interest
一处名胜
some
places
of
interest
如：He
is
interested
in
math,
but
he
isn’t
interested
in
speaking
English.
他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
⑤
interested
adj.
感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人
⑥
interesting
adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物
⑦
an
interesting
book
/
man
18.
害怕…
be
terrified
of
sth.
如：I
am
terrified
of
the
dog.
be
terrified
of
doing
sth.
如：I
am
terrified
of
speaking.
19.
on
副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，
其反义词off.
　with
the
light
on
灯开着
20.
walk
to
somewhere
步行到某处
walk
to
school
步行到学校
21.spend
动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on
sth.
在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
②spend…doing
sth.
花费（金钱、时间）去做某事　如：
He
spends
too
much
time
on
clothes.
他花费太多的时间在衣着
He
spend
3
months
building
the
bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
pay
for
花费
如：I
pay
10
yuan
for
the
book.
我花了10元买这本书。
take动词
有“花费”的意思　常用的结构有：
It
take(s)
sb.
…
to
do
sth.
如：It
takes
me
a
day
to
read
the
book.
22.
chat
with
sb.
与某人闲聊　如：I
like
to
chat
with
him.
我喜欢和他聊天。
23.
worry
about
sb./
sth.
担心某人/某事　worry
是动词
be
worried
about
sb./sth.
担心某人/某事　worried
是形容词
如：Don’t
worry
about
him.
不用担心他。
Mother
is
worried
about
her
son.
妈妈担心他的儿子。
24.
all
the
time
一直、始终
25.
take
sb.
to
+
地方　送/带某人去某个地方　如：
A
person
took
him
to
the
hospital.
一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui
took
me
home.
刘把我送回了家。(home
的前面不能用to)
26.
hardly
adv.
几乎不、没有
hard
困难的；猛烈地
hardly
ever
很少
hardly
修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义
动词之前　助动词/情态动词＋hardly
hardly
+
实义动词　　如：
I
can
hardly
understand
them.
我几乎不能够明白他们。
I
hardly
have
time
to
do
it.
我几乎没有时间去做了。
It
rains
hard
outside,
I
could
hardly
go
out.
27.
in
the
last
few
years.
在过去的几年内　常与完成时连用　如：
I
have
lived
in
China
in
the
last
few
years.
在过去的几年内我在中国住。
28.
be
different
from
与…不同
29.
how
to
swim
怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what,
which,
how,
where,
when
等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定工短语。如：
The
question
is
when
to
start.
问题是什么时候开始。
I
don’t
know
where
to
go.
我不知道去哪。
30.
make
sb./
sth.
+
形容词　　make
you
happy
make
sb./
sth.
+
动词原形
make
him
laugh
31.
move
to
+地方　搬到某地　如：I
moved
to
Beijing
last
year.
32.It
seems
that
+从句　看起来好像……　如：
It
seems
that
he
has
changed
a
lot.
看起来他好像变了许多。
33.
help
sb.
with
sth.
帮某人某事
help
sb.
(to
)
do
sth.
帮某人做某事
She
helped
me
with
English.　她帮助我学英语。
She
helped
me
(to)
study
English。　她帮助我学习英语。
34.
fifteen-year-old
作形容词　15岁的
fifteen-year-olds
作名词指15岁的人
fifteen
years
old
指年龄　15岁　如：
a
fifteen-year-old
boy　一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds
like
to
sing.
15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I
am
fifteen
years
old
.
我是15岁。
35.支付不起…
　can’t
/couldn’t
afford
to
do
sth.
can’t
/
couldn’t
afford
sth.
如：I
can’t/couldn’t
afford
to
buy
the
car.
I
can’t/couldn’t
afford
the
car.
我买不起这个辆小车。
36.
as
+
形容词./副词＋as
sb.
could/can
尽某人的…能力　如：
Zhou
run
as
fast
as
her
could/can.
她尽她最快的能力去跑。
37.
get
into
trouble
with
遇到麻烦
38.
in
the
end
最后
39.
make
a
decision
下决定　下决心
40.
to
one’s
surprise
令某人惊讶　如：
to
their
surprise　令他们惊讶　to
LiLei’s
surprise令李雷惊讶
41.
take
pride
in
sth.
以…而自豪　如：
His
father
always
take
pride
in
him.
他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
42.
pay
attention
to
sth.
对…注意，留心　如：
You
must
pay
attention
to
your
friend.
你应该多注意你的朋友。
43.
be
able
to
do
sth.
能做某事　如：
She
is
able
to
do
it.
她能够做到。
44.
give
up
doing
sth.
放弃做某事　如：
My
father
has
given
up
smoking.
我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
复合句与简单句的转化：
①
when
------
at
the
age
of
…
②
so…that…-----
too…
to….
/
enough
to
…
③
so
that…------
in
order
to
do
sth.
④
because…-----
because
of…
⑤
if
….-----
without
/
with…
⑥
if…-----
祈使句+
and
/
or
+
简单句
⑦
宾语从句----特殊疑问词+动词不定式
⑧
be
afraid
be
sure
that
+从句----
动词不定式
be
sorry
⑨
It
seems
/
seemed
that
sb….------
sb.
seems
/
seemed
to
do
sth.
⑩
Sb.
hopes
/
hoped
that
….-------sb.
hopes
/
hoped
to
do
sth.
二、
短语
1.
be
more
interested
in
对…更感兴趣.
2.
on
the
swim
team
游泳队的队员.
3.
be
terrified
of
害怕.
4.
gym
class
体操课.
5.
worry
about.
担心.
6.
all
the
time
一直,
总是
7.
chat
with
与…闲聊
8.
hardly
ever
几乎从不
9.
walk
to
school
=
go
to
school
on
foot
take
the
bus
to
school
=
go
to
school
by
bus
10.
as
well
as
不仅…而且
11.
get
into
trouble
遇到麻烦
12.
make
a
decision
做出决定
13.
to
one’s
surprise
使某人吃惊的是
14.
take
pride
in
为…感到骄傲
15.
pay
attention
to
留心,
注意
16.
consist
of
由…组成/构成.

be
made
up
of
由…组成/构成.
17.
instead
of
代替,
而不是
18.
in
the
end
最后,
终于
19.
play
the
piano
弹钢琴
三、句子
1.I
used
to
be
afraid
of
the
dark.
我以前害怕黑暗.
2.I
go
to
sleep
with
my
bedroom
light
on.
我开着卧室的灯睡觉.
3.I
used
to
spend
a
lot
of
time
playing
games
with
my
friends.
以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.
4.I
hardly
ever
have
time
for
concerts.
我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.
5.My
life
has
changed
a
lot
in
the
last
few
years.
6.It
will
make
you
stressed
out.
那会使你紧张的.
7.It
seems
that
Yu
Mei
has
changed
a
lot.
玉梅似乎变化很大.
Unit
3
一、知识点
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats
　eat
　fish.
　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish
is
eaten
by
cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be
＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be
有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be
作为连系动词时完全一样。
时态
被动语态结构
例句
一般现在
时
am
are
+过去分词
is
English
is
spoken
in
many
countries.
一般过去
时
was
+过去分词
were
+
过去分词
This
bridge
was
built
in
1989.
情
态
动
词
can/should
may
+be+过去分词
must/……
The
work
must
be
done
right
now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2.
allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother
allows
me
to
watch
TV
every
night.
妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be
allowed
to
do
sth.
被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy
is
allowed
to
go
to
Qinzhou.
莉莉被允许去钦州。
3.
get
their
ears
pierced
穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事　
get
sth.
done(过去分词)
have
sth.
done如：
I
get
my
car
repaired.
==
I
have
my
car
repaired.
我让别人修好我的车
I
want
to
have
my
hair
cut.
我要理发.
4.
enough
足够
形容词＋enough
如：beautiful
enough　足够漂亮
enough＋名词　如：enough
food
足够食物
enough
to
　足够…去做…　如：
I
have
enough
money
to
go
to
Beijing.
我有足够的钱去北京。
She
is
old
enough
to
go
to
school.她够大去读书了。
5.
stop
doing
sth.
停止做某事　Please
stop
speaking.请停止说话。
stop
to
do
sth.
停止下来去做某事　Please
stop
to
speak.
请停下来说话。
6.
看起来好像…sb.
seem
to
do
sth.
=
It
seems
that
+从句
He
seems
to
feel
very
sad.
It
seems
that
he
feels
very
sad.
他看起来好像很伤心。
7.倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语　意为：…也是一样
Neither/Nor
+
be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定)
表示与前面所述事实一致.
She
is
a
student.
So
am
I.　她是一个学生，我也是。
She
went
to
school
just
now.
So
did
I
.
她刚才去学校了，我也是
She
has
finished
the
work.
So
have
I
.
她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She
will
go
to
school.
So
will
he.　她将去学校，他也是。
Tom
can’t
swim.
Neither
can
John.
8.
yet
仍然，还　常用在否定句或疑问句当中
可与although/though连用
9.
stay
up
熬夜如：I
often
stay
up
until
12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
10.
clean
up
打扫　整理　如：
I
have
cleaned
up
the
bedroom.
我已经打扫完了卧室。
11.
程度副词：
always总是
usually经常
sometimes有时
never从不
如：I
am
always/usually/sometimes/never
late
for
school.
我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
12.
曾经做某事：
Do
you
ever
get
to
school
late?
Yes,
I
do.
No,
I
don’t.
Have
you
ever
got
to
school
late?
Yes,
I
have.
No,
I
haven’t.
13.
go
shopping(去购物),
go
fishing(去钓鱼)
go
swimming(去游泳),go
boating(去划船)
go
hiking(去登山),

go
trekking(去徒步)
14.
.be
strict
with+人.be
strict
in+事物.
例:
The
head
teacher
is
strict
with
his
students
He
is
strict
in
the
work.
15.
take
the
test
参加考试
pass
the
test
通过考试fail
a
test
考试失败
16.
the
other
day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
every
other
day
=
every
two
days
每隔一天
（每两天）
17.
agree
同意　反义词
disagree不同意
动词
agreement
同意　反义词
disagreement
不同意　名词
18.
keep
sb/
sth.
＋形容词　使某人/某物保持….　如：
We
should
keep
our
city
clean.（cleaningⅹ）我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
Don’t
keep
me
waiting
for
a
long
time.别让我等得太久。
19.
both…and…　+动词复数形式
如：
Both
Jim
and
Li
Ming
play
bastketball.
20.
learn
(sth.)
from
sb.
向谁学习(什么)
如：
Jim
learnt
English
from
his
English
teacher.
吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
21.
have
an
opportunity
to
do
sth.
有机会做某事
have
a
chance
of
doing
sth.
有机会做某事
如：I
have
an
opportunity
to
go
to
Beijing.

I
have
a
chance
of
going
to
Beijing.
22.
at
present
目前
23.
at
least
最少
at
most
最多
24.
花费
take
,cost,
spend
,
pay
It
take
(sb.)
time
to
do
sth.
It
took
(me)
10days
to
read
the
book.
sth.
cost
(sb.)
……The
book
cost
(me)
100yuan.
sb.
spend
…
on
sth.She
spent
10days
on
this
book.
sb.
spend
…doing
sth.
She
spent
10days
reading
this
book.
sb.
pay
…
for
sth.
She
paid
10yuan
for
this
book.
25.
have
+时间段+off放假，休息
如：have
2
days
off
off
不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.
例:
I
think
I’ll
take
the
afternoon
off.
我想下午歇班.
She
is
off
today.
她今天休息.
I
have
three
days
off
next
week.
下周我有三天假.
They
haven’t
had
a
day
off
since
last
week.
从上周来,他们没休息过一天.
26.
reply
to
答复某人
如：She
replayed
to
MrGreen.
27.
agree
with
sth.
同意某事
如：I
agree
with
that
idea.
agree
to
sb.
同意某人的意见
如：I
agree
to
LiLei.
28.
get
in
the
way
of
碍事，妨碍
如：
Her
social
life
got
in
the
way
of
her
studies.
她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
29.
success
n.
succeed
v.
successful
adj.
successfully
adv.
30.
think
about
与think
of
的区别
①当两者译为：
认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I
often
think
about/
of
that
day.
我经常想起那天。
②think
about
还有“考虑”之意
，think
of

想到、想出时两者不能互用
At
last,
he
thought
of
a
good
idea.
最后他想出了一个好主意。
We
are
thinking
about
going
Qinzhou.
我们正在考虑去钦州。
31.
对…
热衷，
对…兴趣
be
serious
about
doing
如：She
is
serious
about
dancing.
她对跳舞热衷。
be
serious
about
sth.
如：She
is
serious
about
him.
她对他感兴趣。
32.
practice
doing
练习做某事

She
often
practice
speaking
English.
33.
care
about
sb.
关心某人
如：Mother
often
care
about
her
son.
34.
also
也

用于句中
either也

用于否定句且用于句末
too=as
well

也
用于肯定句且用于句末
I
am
also
a
student.
我也是一个学生
I
am
a
student
too.
我也是一个学生。
I
am
not
a
student
either.
我也不是一个学生。
35.allow
sb
to
do
sth
允许某人做…allow
doing
sth
允许做…
36.stupid
silly
foolish
三个词都有“蠢”的意思.但略有不同.stupid
程度最强,指智力
理解力
学习能力差.
silly
指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩.
foolish
尤其在口语中广泛使用.
例:
He
is
stupid
in
learning
math.
他学习数学很笨.
Stop
asking
such
silly
questions.
别再问这样傻的问题了.
You
are
foolish
to
throw
away
such
a
good
chance.
你真蠢,丢掉这样一个好机会.
37.He
doesn’t
seem
to
have
many
friends.
=It
seems
that
he
doesn’t
have
many
friends.
=He
seems
not
to
have
many
friends.
38.clean
(v.)
打扫,清理
clean
up
比较彻底地打扫,清理

clean
out
打扫,清理地最彻底.
39.concentrate
on…
全神贯注做…
例:
He
decided
to
concentrate
on
physics
because
he
failed
the
exam.
This
company
concentrates
on
China
market.
这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.
40.
more…than…①与其说…不如说…;
比…更…
例:
The
man
is
more
stupid
than
nervous.
与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.
②在这一结构中,more做adj.
修饰名词,表示“比…多”
例:I
have
more
books
than
you.
我的书比你的多.
41.volunteer
①
n.
自愿者.
②
v.
volunteer
to
do
sth.
自愿做…
例:
We
all
volunteered
to
help
in
the
old
people’s
home.
我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.
42.
get
in
the
way
(of)...
妨碍...
例:
He
never
gets
in
others’
way.
他从不妨碍别人.
The
bikes
over
there
will
get
in
the
way
of
others.
自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.
43.
success
(n.)

successful
(adj.)

succeed
(v.)
44.
only
处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装.
例:
Only
then
did
he
understand
it.
只有到那时,他才明白.
Only
in
this
way
can
we
learn
English
well.
只有这样我们才能把英语学好.
Only
when
she
came
home,
did
he
learn
the
news.
当她到家时,他才得知了这消息.
45.
care
about
关心,在乎,在意.
例:
No
one
cares
about
others
nowadays.
现在没人关心别人.
I
don’t
care
about
what
he
does.
我并不在意他干什么.
二、短语
1.
be
allowed
to
do
sth
被允许干…
allow
sb
to
do
sth
允许某人干…
allow
doing
sth
允许干…
2.
sixteen-year-olds
=
sixteen-year-old
boys
and
girls
16岁的孩子
3.
part-time
jobs
兼职工作
4.
a
driver’s
license
驾照
5.
on
weekends
在周末
6.
at
that
age
在那个年龄段
7.
on
school
nights
在上学期间的每个晚上
8.
stay
up
熬夜
9.
clean
up
(相当与及物动词)
清扫
10.
fail
(in)
a
test
考试不及格
11.
take
the
test
参加考试
12.
the
other
day
前几天
13.
all
my
classmates
我所有的同学
14.
concentrate
on
全神贯注于
15.
be
good
for
对…有益
16.
in
groups
成群的,按组的
17.
get
noisy
吵闹(系表结构)
18.
learn
from
向某人学习
19.
at
present
目前,现在
20.
have
an
opportunity
to
do
sth
有做…的机会
21.English-English
dictionary
英英词典
22.
at
least
至少
23.eight
hours’
sleep
a
night
每晚8小时的睡眠
24.
an
old
people’s
home
敬老院
25.
take
time
to
do
sth
花费时间干…
26.
primary
schools
小学
27.
have…off
放假,休息
28.
reply
to
回答,答复
29.
get
in
the
way
of
妨碍
30.
a
professional
athlete
职业运动员
31.
achieve
one’s
dreams
实现梦想
32.
think
about
思考,考虑
33.
in
the
end
最后,终于
34.
be
serious
about
对…热忠/极感兴趣
35.
spend…on
+
n.

spend
…(in)
+
v-ing
在…上花费时间/金钱
36.
care
about
关心,担心,在乎
37.
agree
with
同意…
三.句子
1.
I
don’t
think
twelve-year-olds
should
be
allowed
to
get
their
ears
pierced.
我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
2.They
talk
instead
of
doing
homework.
他们聊天而不是做作业.
3.He
is
allowed
to
stay
up
until
11:00
pm.
允许他们熬到晚上11点.
4.We
should
be
allowed
to
take
time
to
do
things
like
that
more
often.
我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情.
5.What
school
rules
do
you
think
should
be
changed?
你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了?
6.The
two
pairs
of
jeans
both
look
good
on
me.
这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
7.The
classroom
is
a
real
mess.
教室太脏了.
8.Should
I
be
allowed
to
make
my
own
decisions?
9.Only
then
will
I
have
a
chance
of
achieving
my
dream.
只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
10.They
should
be
allowed
to
practice
their
hobbies
as
much
as
they
want.
应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
11.We
have
nothing
against
running.
我们没有理由反对他跑步.
Unit
4
一、知识点
1.
if
引导的非真实性条件状语从句
即
虚拟语气
通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
If
引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件
句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：
句型
条件从句
主

句
谓语动词形式
动词过去式(be动词一律用were)
would+动词原形
即：(从句)if
+主语+动词过去式(be
动词用were),
一般过去时
(主句)
主语+would+动词原形
过去将来时
如：If
I
had
time,
I
would
go
for
a
walk.
如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
If
I
were
you,
I
would
take
an
umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
I
would
say
no
if
someone
asked
me
to
be
in
a
movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2.
pretend
to
do
sth.
假装做某事
I
pretended
to
sleep
just
now.
pretend
to
be
doing
sth.
假装正在干某事
The
students
pretended
to
be
writing
when
the
teacher
came
in.
pretend
+从句
假装…

I
pretended
that
I
fell
asleep.
3.
be
late
for
迟到
如：
I
am
late
for
work/
school/
class/
party.
4.
a
few
与
a
little
的区别，few
与
little
的区别
⑴
a
few
一些修饰可数名词
a
little
一些

修饰不可数名词
两者表肯定意义
如：He
has
a
few
friends.
他有一些朋友。
There
is
a
little
sugar
in
the
bottle.
在瓶子里有一些糖。
⑵
few
少数的
修饰可数名词
little
少数的　修饰不可数名词
但两者表否定意义
如：He
has
few
friends.
他没有几个朋友。
There
is
little
sugar
in
the
bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
5.
hundred,
thousand
,
million,
billion
(十亿)词前面有数词或several
一词时要不能加s
，反之，则要加s
并与of
连用，
表示数量很
多
如：several
hundred/
thousand/
million/
billion
people
几百/千/百万/十亿人

hundreds
of
trees
上百棵树
8.
what
if
+
从句

如果…怎么办
，
要是…
又怎么样
如：
What
if
she
doesn’t
come?
要是她不来怎么办？
What
if
LiLei
knows?
如果李雷知道了怎么办？
9.
add
sth.
to
sth.
添加…到…
如：
I
added
some
sugar
to
water.
我把糖添加到水里。
10.
系动词与形容词连用get
nervous
变得紧张
feel
shy
觉得害羞
look
friendly
看起来友好
11.
too
+形/副+to
do
sth.
太…而不能
如：
I’m
too
tired
to
stand.
我太累了而不能站。
12.
help
with
sth.
如：They
help
with
this
problem.
help
sb.
do.
如：They
help
you
relax.
他们帮助你放松
13.
in
public
在公共场所
如:
Don’t
smoke
in
public.
请不要在公共场所吸烟。
14.
energetic
adj.
活力的
如：She
is
a
energetic
girl.
她是一个活力的女孩。
energy
n.
活力
如：She
has
lots
of
energies.
她有活力。
15.
ask
sb.
to
do
叫…做某事
ask
sb.
not
to
do
sth.叫…不要做某事
tell
sb.
to
do
告诉…做某事
tell
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
告诉…不要做某事
如：Teacher
asked
me
to
clean
the
classroom.
Teacher
asked
me
not
to
clean
the
classroom.
16.
start
doing
==
start
to
do.
开始做某事
如：
He
started
speaking/
to
speak.
他开始说话。
17.
borrow
sth.
from
sb.
从某人那里借来某物
如：
I
borrowed
a
book
from
Lily.
我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
18.wait
for
sb.等某人
如：I
am
wait
for
him.
我正在等他。
19.
introduce
sb.
to
sb.
把某人介绍给某人
如：
I
introduced
Lily
to
Anna.
我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
20.
invite
sb.
to
do
邀请某人做某事
如：
Lily
invited
me
to
go
to
her
home
for
supper.
莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
21.
have
dinner/
supper

吃晚饭
have
lunch/
breakfast
吃午餐、吃早餐
22.
plenty
of
修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词
许多
如：
They
have
plenty
of
food/
apples.
他们有许多的食物/苹果。
23.
给某人某物
give
sth.
to
sb.
如：
give
an
apple
to
me
give
sb.
sth.
give
me
an
apple
给我一个苹果
24.
get
along
(with)=get
on
(with)
①进行，进展
The
business
is
getting
along
very
well.
生意进展的很顺利。
How
are
you
getting
along
with
your
English
study?
你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？
②相处
Do
you
get
along
with
your
boss?=
Do
you
and
your
boss
get
along?
你跟老板合得来吗？
I’m
getting
along
very
well
with
my
classmates.
我和同学们相处得很好。
25.
would
rather
…
than
…
（=
would
…
rather
than）宁愿，而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would
rather
not
do
sth
①would
rather
…
than
…
=
prefer
…
to
…
但prefer
…
to
…
若连接两个动词，动词应为v-ing
形式。
He
would
rather
jog
than
play
football.
=He
prefers
jogging
to
playing
football.
②would
rather
常单独使用，表示“宁愿做…”
He
would
rather
watch
TV
at
home.
③rather
than
=
instead
of
而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称）。
I’d
prefer
to
go
to
in
summer
rather
than
in
winter.
I
decided
to
write
rather
than
telephone.
I
like
going
out
with
you
rather
than
with
him.
She
enjoys
listening
rather
than
speaking.
25.
in
fact
事实上
26.
let
sb.
down
让某人失望
如：
Don’t
let
your
mother
down.
不要让你的妈妈失望。
27.
come
up
with
sth.
提出
想出
如：He
came
up
with
a
good
idea.
他提出了一个好主意。
catch
up
with
sb.
追上
赶上
如：Lily
caught
up
with
Anna.
莉莉赶上了安娜。
28.
have
experience
doing
在做某事有经验
如：
I
have
experience
teaching
Chinese.
我在教英语方面有经验。
29.
come
out
出版，出来
如：The
magazine
comes
out
once
a
week.
这种杂志每周出一次。
30.
by
accident
偶然地，无意之中
如：
Last
week
I
cut
my
finger
by
accident.
上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。
31.
hurry
to
do
匆忙…

I
hurry
to
call
the
police.
32.
more
than=over
超过
34.
offer
提供
offer
sb
sth
给××……
offer
to
sb
sth
主动提出干……
35.
①give
sb
sth=give
sth
to
sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等
②buy
sb
sth=buy
sth
for
sb
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
36.look
for寻找find找到、发现
find
out指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。
discover
指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。
37.bring
带来
take
带走
fetch
去并拿来
38.talk
to/with
sb
同××说话。
tell
告诉,
分辨，辨别。
speak
to
sb
同××说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。
say
后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。
39.What
if
……
如果……将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）
What
if
she
doesn’t
come?
她要是不来怎么办？
What
if
your
parent
don’t
agree?
如果你的父母不同意怎么办？
What
if
you
should
fall
sick?
如果你生病了怎么办？
40.What
does/do
××
look
like?
问相貌。
What’s
××
like?
问“品质性格”。
41.give
a
speech
做演讲
have
a
speech听演讲
give
a
report
做报告
have
a
report
听报告
42.permission
(n.)
允许，许可permit
(v.)
允许
without
permission
未经许可
43.plenty
of
充足的，相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用
enough.
44.not……in
the
slightest=not……at
all
根本不
45.a
little
=
a
bit
修饰形容词、副词
a
little
=
a
bit
of
修饰不可数名词
46.the
rest
其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The
other(s)
只能指代可数名词
宾语从句
：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
由连接词+
主语+
谓语　构成
常由下面的一些词引导：
㈠由that
引导
表示陈述意义
that
可省略
He
says
(that)
he
is
at
home.
他说他在家里。
㈡由if
,
whether
引导
表示
一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I
don’t
know
if
/
whether
Wei
Hua
likes
fish.
我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
㈢由
连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)
引导
表示特殊疑问意义
Do
you
know
what
he
wants
to
buy?
你知道他想要买什么吗？
㈣从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
He
says
(that
)
he
is
at
home.
他说他在家里。
I
don’t
know
(that)
she
is
singing
now.
我不知道她正在唱歌。
She
wants
to
know
if
I
have
finished
my
homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do
you
know
when
he
will
be
back?
你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He
said
(that)
he
was
at
home.
他说他在家里。
I
didn’t
know
that
she
was
singing
now.
我不知道她正在唱歌。
She
wanted
to
know
if
I
had
finished
m
homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did
you
know
when
he
would
be
back?
你知道他将会什么时候回来？
二、短语
1、give
it
to
charity
把它捐给慈善机构
2、medical
research
医学研究
3、What
if
……
如果…怎么样？
4、get
nervous
紧张
5、take
a
big
exam
参加大考
6、help
with
有助于
7、in
public
在公共场合
8、hardly
ever
几乎不
9、the
whole
school
全校
10、without
permission
为经许可
11、be(make)
friends
with
与…交朋友
12、ask
one’s
permission
请求××的允许
13、introduce…to…
把…介绍给…
14、invite…to
do…
邀请…干…
15、social
situations
社会环境
16、not…
in
the
slightest
根本不，一点也不
17、right
away
立刻，马上
18、all
day
全天
19、be
friendly
to
对…友好
20、at
lunch
time
在午饭时间
21、a
bit
shy
有点害羞
22、English
speech
contest
英语演讲比赛
23、represent
the
class
代表班级
24、come
top
名列第一（前茅）
25、let
…
down
使…失望
26、come
up
with
提出、想出
27、be
sure
of
+
n./pron.
be
sure
to
do
相信…

be
sure
+that
从句
28、the
rest
of
the
students
其余的学生
29、have
a
lot
of
experience
(in)
doing
sth
在做某事方面有经验
30、deal
with
对付，处理
31、come
out
出版
32、give
advice
on…
在…方面提出意见、建议
33、by
accident
偶然地，无意之中
34、hurry
to
do
sth
匆匆忙忙干…
35、an
internet
friend
网友
三、句子
1.He
doesn’t
know
if
he
should
bring
a
present.
他不知道是否该带礼物。
2.You
shouldn’t
worry
about
what
other
people
say.
你不应该考虑别人说什么。
3.What
will
you
do
if
you
had
a
million
dollars?
如果你有一百万美元，你会干什么？
4.If
I
were
you,
I
‘d
take
a
small
present.
如果我是你，我会带一个小礼物。
5.I’m
too
tired
to
do
well.我太累了，没考好。
6.Dogs
can
be
a
lot
of
trouble.狗会带来很多麻烦。
7.What
are
you
like?
你是什么样的人？
8.I’d
invite
him/her
to
have
dinner
at
my
house.
我会邀请他（她）到我家吃饭。
9.You
enjoy
the
company
of
other
people.你喜欢别人的陪伴。
10.
I
feel
nervous
talking
in
front
of
many
people.
我在众人面前讲话时感到紧张。
11.She
always
comes
top
in
the
school
exams.
她在学校的考试中总是名列前茅。
12.She
doesn’t
want
to
let
her
friends
down.她不愿让朋友失望。
13.If
I
were
you,
I’ll
get
out
of
here.如果我是你，我会离开这里。
虚拟语气
一、词的语气
指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）
祈使语气（用于祈使句）
虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）
二、虚拟语气
如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg
If
he
doesn’t
hurry
up,
he
will
miss
the
bus.(
真实条件状语)
If
he
was
free,
he
asked
me
to
tell
stories.（真实条件状语）
If
I
were
you,
I
would
go
at
once.（非真实条件状语从句）
If
there
was
no
air,
people
would
die.（非真实条件状语从句）
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
①???
表示与现在事实相反的情况
If
I
were
you,
I’d
take
an
umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
If
I
knew
his
telephone
number,
I
would
tell
you.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If
there
were
no
air
or
water,
there
would
be
no
living
things
on
the
earth.
如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
If
I
had
any
money
with
me,
I
could
lend
you
some.
如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
If
he
studied
harder,
he
might
pass
the
exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
Had+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
从句
例句
主句
①were
If+主语

②
did
③were
to
do
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其
中were
to
do可能性最小，
should+动词原形。
If
it
rained
tomorrow
our
picnic
would
be
put
off.
假如那天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。

主句+should/would
/might
/could+动词原形

（条件）从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用过去式（be用were）
should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg
If
I
had
got
there
earlier,
I
should/could
have
met
her.
如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
If
he
had
taken
my
advice,
he
would
not
have
made
such
a
mistake.
如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）
eg:
If
he
would
come
here
tomorrow,
I
should/would
talk
to
him.
如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
If
there
were
a
heavy
snow
next
Sunday,
we
would
not
go
skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了，（事实：不知能否下雪）
If
she
were
to
be
there
next
Monday,
I
would
tell
her
about
the
matter.
如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish
后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg:
I
wish
I
had
your
brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed
eg:
I
wish
I
had
known
the
truth
of
the
matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would
+
动词原形
eg:
I
wish
I
should
have
a
chance
again.很难再有这样的机会了。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should
+
动
词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如
He
suggested
He
insisted
He
demand

that
we
(should)
take
the
teacher’s
advice
He
ordered
Unit
5
一、知识点：
1.情态动词must,
may
,
might,
could,
may
,
can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们
含义有所不同
must
一定
肯定
(100%的可能性)
may,
might,
could有可能，也许

(20%－80%的可能性)
can’t
不可能，不会
(可能性几乎为零)
The
dictionary
must
be
mine.
It
has
my
name
on
it.
The
CD
might/could/may
belong
to
Tony
because
he
likes
listening
to
pop
music.
The
hair
band
can’t
be
Bob’s.
After
all,
he
is
boy!
2.
whose
谁的　疑问词　作定语　后面接名词
如：Whose
book
is
this?
This
is
Lily’s.
3.
belong
to
属于　如：
That
English
book
belongs
to
me.（不能用名词性的物主代词）
4.
当play
指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词　如：
play
the
guitar
play
the
piano
play
the
violin
当play
指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词　如：
play
football
play
basketball
play
baseball
5.
if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，
从句用一般现在时代替将来时　如：
If
you
don’t
hurry
up,
you’ll
be
late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到
6.
if
you
have
any
idea==
if
you
know
如果你知道
7.
on　关于（学术，科目）
8.
try
to
do
sth.
尝试做某事　如：
I
try
to
climb
the
tree.
我尝试爬树。
9.
because
of
,
because
because
of
+
名词/代词/名词性短语
because
+　从句　　如：
I
do
it
because
I
like
it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
I
had
to
move
because
of
my
job.
因为工作的原因我得搬家。
10.
own
v.－owner
n.
listen
v.－listener
n.
learn
v.－learner
n.
11.
catch
a
bus
赶公车
12.
neighbor
邻居　指人
neighborhood
邻居　指地区也可指附近地区的人
13.
local
当地的　如：local
teacher
当地的教师
14.
noise
n.
噪音　是个可数名词　noises
15.
call
the
police
报警　如：Quick!
Call
the
police!
快！叫警察！
16.
anything
strange
一些奇怪的东西
当形容词修饰something,
anything,
nothing,
everything等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面
17.
there
be
sb./
sth.
doing
如：
There
is
a
cat
eating
fish.
There
must
be
something
visiting
our
home.
18.
escape
from
…从哪里逃跑出来　如：
He
escaped
from
the
burning
building.
他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19.
an
ocean
of
+
名词　极多的，用不尽的　如：an
ocean
of
energy.
20.
unhappy
不高兴的　反义词
happy
高兴的
21.
final
adj.
最后的　finally
adv.
最后地
22.
dishonest
不诚实的　反义词
honest
诚实的。
23.
get
on
上车
get
off
下车
24.
use
up
用光、用完　如：They
have
used
up
all
the
money.
他们已经用完了所有的钱。
25.
attempt
to
do
试图　如：
The
boys
attempted
to
leave
for
Beijing.
男孩子们试图想去北京。
26.
wake
动词　唤醒　常用的词组：wake
up　意为醒来　如：
Please
wake
me
up
at
8
o’clock.　请在8点钟叫醒我。
27.
look
for
寻找　指过程
find
找　指结果　　如：
I
am
looking
for
a
pen.
我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）
I
found
my
pen
just
now.
我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果）
28.
hear
听　指听的结果
listen
听
指听的过程　如：
Did
you
hear
?
你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）
I
often
listen
to
the
music.
我经常听音乐。（指听的过程）
29.
try
one’s
best
to
do
sth.
尽某人的最大努力去做某事　如：
He
tried
his
best
to
run.
他尽他的最大努力去跑。
30.
名词所有格
名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加
’s
或是以s结尾
的名词，只在名词的后面加
’
如：Ann’s
book　安的书,
our
teachers’
office我们老师们的办公室
注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加’s,　如：
Lily
and
Lucy’s
father
莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人）
②有…of
…介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格　如：
a
picture
of
my
family
我家人的相片
有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格　如：
today’s
newspaper,　　the
city’s
name
31、happen指偶然的发生；
take
place用于计划好的事情或自然的发生；（二者无被动语态）
happen
to
do
sth碰巧干某事.
happen
to
sb.某人发生了什么事
32、raise
[reiz]
及物动词
举起、提高
；募捐
用外力升起，如升旗
rise（不及物动词）上升。自然升起，如价格上涨，日出等。
Raise
the
money
for
charity.
Raise
the
Five-red-star
flag
33、hope
to
do
sth；hope
that从句。
wish
to
do
sth；wish
sb
to
do
sth；wish
that从句。
34、however与but：
（1）从语义上看，but所表示的是很明显的对比、转折。
（2）从语法上看，but是并列连词，however是个副词。
（3）从语序上看，but总位于所引导的句首，however可放在句首、句中、句尾。
（4）从标点上看，but之后没有逗号，however之前、之后短语用逗号隔开。
在完成时态
⑴由have/
has
＋　过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already,
just
,
yet
,
ever,
never
连用
Have
you
finished
your
work
yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？
Yes,
I
have.
I
have
just
finished
it.　是的。我刚刚完成了。
I
have
already
finished
it
.　我已经完成了。
Have
you
ever
been
to
China?　你曾经去过中国吗？
No,
I
have
never
been
there.　没有，我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作　或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for
+
时间段，since
+
时间点，或过去某一动作，
以及how
long
）
②注：
非延续性动词在现在完成
时态中不能和for,
since
引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词
如：
buy----
havedie----
be
dead

join
----
be
in
borrow-----
keep

leave----
be
away
I
have
bought
a
pen.------
I
have
had
a
pen
for
2
weeks.
The
dog
has
died.-------
The
dog
has
been
dead
since
last
week.
⑷①have
(has)
been
to
+
地点
去过某地
已经回来
②have
(has)
gone
to
+
地点
去了某地
没有回来
③have
been
in
+
地点
一直呆在某地
没有离开过
如：
She
has
been
to
Shanghai.
她去过上海。(已经回来)
She
has
gone
to
Shanghai.
她去了上海。(没有回来)
She
has
been
in
Shanghai
for
2
days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
二、短语：
1、be
long
to属于
2、listen
to
classical
music听古典音乐
3、at
school上学、求学、在学校
4、go
to
the
concert去听音乐会
5、have
any/some
idea知道
have
no
idea不知道
6、a
math
test
on
algebra有关代数的数学考试
7、the
final
exam期末考试
8、because
of因为
9、a
present
for
his
mother送给她妈妈的礼物
10、run
for
exercise跑步锻炼
11、wear
a
suit穿西装
12、make
a
movie拍电影
13、in
our
neighborhood在我们附近、在我们小区
14、have
fun玩耍、取闹
15、his
or
her
own
idea她（他）自己的看法
16、late
night深夜
17、an
ocean
of许许多多、无穷无尽的
18、be
care
of=look
out当心、小心
19、pretend
to
do
sth假装干…
20、use
up用完、用光
三、句子：
1、If
you
have
any
idea
where
might
be
please
call
me.
如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。
2、It’s
crucial
that
I
study
for
it
because
it
counts
30%to
the
final
exam.
关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的30%。
3、What
do
you
think
“anxious”
means?
你认为“anxious”是什么意思？
4、He
could
be
running
for
exercise.他可能是跑步锻炼身体。
5、He
might
be
running
to
catch
a
bus.他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。
6、Why
do
you
think
the
man
is
running?你觉得那个男的为什么跑？
7、No
more
mystery
in
Bell
Tower
neighborhood.
钟塔附近不再有神秘的事了。
Unit
6
一、
知识点
1.prefer
v.更喜爱，更喜欢，相当于like……better，其过去式、过去分词为preferred，常用于以下结构：
(1)prefer+名词、代词I
preferred
music.
Which
do
you
prefer?
(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”
She
prefers
to
live
among
the
working
people.
(3)
prefer+v-ingI
prefer
living
abroad.
(4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构:
常见的搭配有:
①prefer……to……喜欢……而不喜欢……（to为介词）
She
prefers
apples
to
bananas.
②prefer
doing
to
doing（to为介词）
He
prefers
running
to
walking.
③prefer
to
do
……
rather
than
do
sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They
prefer
to
play
games
rather
than
watch
TV.
2.gentle:
①轻柔，温和（往往指音乐、嗓音或风）
②温柔的，文雅的（往往指人的性格）
3.remind……of……使某人回想起或意识到某人、某事
She
reminded
me
of
her
sister.
The
pictures
remind
me
of
my
school
days.
4.表示“也”的用法：
also
用在句中，too
用在句末，as
well
多用于口语，用在句末，这三个表达都用在肯定句。either
“也”
用在否定句尾
5.
What
do
you
think
of
…?=How
do
you
like…?
6.as
的用法：
①用作连词“按照”
Please
do
it
again
as
I
told
you.
②连词，当……的时候，着重强调两个动词同时发生
She
sang
as
she
worked.
③表示原因，“因为，由于”比较口语化，语气也较弱，所表示的原因比较明显。
As
I
didn’t
know
the
way,
I
asked
the
policeman.
④as…as…
和……一样
7.over
the
years多年来

，往往与现在完成时连用
8.though
不做副词“可是，不过，然而”放在句尾
9.
be
sure
of
+n.
/
pron.
/短语
be
sure
that
从句
｝相信，对……有把握
be
sure
to
do
务必……一定……
make
sure
确保，核实，查收，弄清楚
10.one
of
the+最高级+复数名词，最……之一
11.过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成
12.
on
display=on
show
13.interest:①n.兴趣，趣味；②v.使感兴趣
He
interested
me
in
football.他使我对足球感兴趣。
I’ve
got
a
lot
of
books
that
might
interest
you.我有许多可能使你感兴趣的书。
14.class
等级，级别，阶级
15.
whatever=no
matter
what
16.suggest:①建议，后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气；
②表示，暗示，后跟宾语从句，不用虚拟语气。
17.
energy
(n.)=energetic
(adj.)
18.honest
该词是元音发音开头，前面的不定冠词用“an”.
19.先行词若为地点或时间时，后面的关系词用关系代词还是关系副词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词作定语从句的主语、宾语或定语，用关系代词；若关系词作状语，则用关系副词。
20.
along
with
伴随…
同…
一道
I
will
go
along
with
you.
我同你一道去。
I
sing
along
with
music.
我伴随着音乐唱歌。
21.
dance
to
sth.
随着…跳舞
She
likes
dancing
to
the
music.
她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
22.
different
kinds
of
各种各样different
kinds
of
clothes
各种各样的衣服
23.
music
n.
音乐
musician
n.
音乐家
musical
24.
take
…
to
…
带…去….
如：
My
father
often
takes
me
to
the
park.
我的爸爸经常带我去公园。
Please
take
this
box
to
my
office.
请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
25.
be
important
to
sb.
对…重要
be
important
for
sb.
to
do.
做某事对某人很重要
26.
though
==
although
作连词
虽然，尽管
放在句子中间/句首，不能和but
连用
Though
it
was
very
late,
he
went
on
working.
虽然很晚了，但他还在工作
Mr.
Smith
,
though
he
was
young,
did
it
very
well.
史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。
27.
energy
n.
活力
energetic
adj.
有活力的
28.
most
of
…
…的大多数
29.
keep
healthy
保持健康
30.
get
together
聚在一起
31.
be
bad
for
sth.
对…有坏处的
be
bad
for
doing
sth.
做…有坏处
32.
take
care
of
===
look
after
照顾
关心
如：
She
often
takes
care
of
/
looks
after
her
son.
33
stay
away
from
远离…
如：
Stay
away
from
me
,
I
have
a
cold.
请远离我，我得了感冒
34.
to
be
honest
老实说
如：
To
be
honest
I
really
like
flowers.
老实说我真的很喜欢花。
35.
dislike
不喜欢
反义词
like
喜欢
36.
fisherman
渔夫
复数形式
fishermen
37.
photography
n.
摄影
photograph
n.
照片
相片
photographer
n.
摄影师
38.
be
in
agreement
意见一致
常与介词on
/about连用如：
They
are
in
agreement
on
that
question.
他们对那个问题意见一致。
39.
mainly
adv.
主要地
首要地
main
adj.
主要的
二.短语
1.expect
to
do
sth.期望干……
expect
sb.
to
do
sth期望某人干……
2.catch
up
with追上，赶上
3.different
kinds
of
music各种不同的音乐
4.quiet
and
gentle
songs轻柔的歌曲
5.
take…to…
带……到……
6.
remind…of…使某人想起或意识到……
7.her
own
songs她自己的歌曲
8.be
important
to对……重要
9.Yellow
River黄河
10.Hong
Tao’s
latest
movie洪涛最近的电影
11.over
the
years多年来
12.be
sure
to
do
sth.务必干……一定干……
13.one
of
the
best
known
Chinese
photographers世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一
14.on
display展览，展出
15.come
and
go来来往往
16.can’t
stand不能忍受
17.look
for寻找
18.feel
sick感到恶心，不舒服
19.have
a
great
time玩得高兴，过得愉快
20.to
be
honest说实话
21.be
lucky
to
do幸运的是……
22.my
six-month
English
course我6个月的英语课
23.most
of
my
friends我的大部分朋友
24.go
for去找某人，想法得到某事物
25.stay
healthy保持健康
26.French
fries薯条
27.stay
away
from与……保持距离
28.be
in
agreement意见一致（后跟短语、句子）
29.barbecued
meat烤肉
30.a
tag
question反意疑问句
31.be
bad
for对……有害
三．句子
1.I
love
singers
who
write
their
own
music.我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。
2.We
prefer
music
that
has
great
lyrics.我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。
3.What
do
you
dislike
about
this
CD.你不喜欢这张CD的什么？
4.What
does
it
remind
you
of？它使你想起了什么？
5.The
music
reminds
me
of
Brazilian
dance
music.这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6.It
does
have
a
few
good
features,
though.
然而，它的确也有一些好的方面。
7.She
really
has
something
for
everyone.
每个人的确都能从她的作品中领悟到一些东西。
8.Whatever
you
do,
don’t
miss
this
exhibition.
无论怎样，你都不能错过这次展出。
9.As
the
name
suggests,
the
band
has
a
lot
of
energy.
正如乐队名字所暗示的那样，这支乐队很有活力。
10.
Some
people
say
they
are
boring,
but
others
say
they
are
great.
11.If
I
were
you,
I’d
eat
nuts
instead.如果我是你，我会改吃坚果。
Unit7
一、知识点：
1.
tired
累的tiring
令人疲惫的
bored
讨厌

boring
令人厌烦/讨厌的
excited
兴奋的exciting
令人兴奋/激动的
amazed
惊讶的amazing
令人惊讶的
2.
education
n.
教育
educational
有教育意义的
3.
想要做…：would
like
to
do
想要…：would
like
sth.
常用的句型有：
What
would
you
like
to
do?
你想要做什么？
I
would
like
to
visit
GuiLin.
我想去参观桂林。
What
would
you
like
?
你想要什么？
I
would
like
some
tea.
我想来些茶。
Would
you
like
to
go
to
my
party?
你来不来参加我的晚会？
(表邀请)
Yes,
I’d
love/
like
to
.
No,
thanks.
Would
you
like
some
tea
or
coffee?
你是要点茶还是咖啡？
Yes,
I’d
love/
like.
No.
thanks.
Where
would
you
like
to
visit/
go?
你想去哪呢？(本单元的重点句型)
4.
go
on
vacation
去度假
go
on
a
trip
去旅行
go
on
a
picnic
去野炊
5.
hope
to
do
希望做某事
I
hope
to
go
to
Beijing.
我希望去北京。
hope
(that)
+
从句
希望….
I
hope
that
I
can
go
to
Beijing.我希望我能去北京。
I
hope
(that)
she
can
pass
the
test.我希望她能通过考试。
6.
I
love
places
where
the
people
are
friendly.
我喜欢人们友好的地方。
where
关系副词，引导定语从句
where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如：the
place,
the
city等
That
is
the
school
where
I
studied
10
years
ago.
那就是我10年前所就读的学校。
7.
不定代词

参看课本P141
注：形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面
8.
consider
doing考虑做某事
I
am
considering
changing
my
job.
我正在考虑换工作。
9.
cost
(sb.)
钱、时间
The
book
cost
me
10
yuan
这本书花了我10元。
10.
in
general
一般来说，
大体上，
通常
11.
be
supposed
to
do
应该做….
===
should
如：
Scientists
are
supposed
to
know
a
lot.
科学家们应该知道更多。
12.
take
a
trip
去旅行
13.
provide
sb.
with
sth
供应某人某物===
provide
sth
for
sb.
如：They
provide
us
with
water.
They
provide
water
for
us.
14.
how
far
问路程　多远（20
kilometers
,
five
munites’
walk）
how
old
问年龄　多少岁（13
years
old）
how
long
问时间
多久；多长（since,
for）
how
often
问频率　多久一次（sometimes,
often,
3
times
a
day,
every
day）
15.
be
away
离开　如：
I
was
away
2days
ago.
我两天前离开了。
I
will
be
away
for
a
few
days.　我将离开一些天。
16.
inexpensive
adj.
不贵的
反义词　expensive
adj.
贵的
17.　
let
sb.
do
让某人做某事　Let
me
help
you.让我帮你吧。
let
sb.
not
do
让某人不要做某Let
us
not
laugh.
让我们不要笑了。
18.
in
the
future
将来
She
will
a
good
mother
in
the
future.
在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。
19.
用to
表示　“的”有：
answers
to
question
问题的答案
the
key
to
the
door
这扇门的钥匙
20.
as
soon
as
possible
尽可能的快
21.
continue
doing
==
go
on
doing
继续做某事　如：
She
continued
singing.
==
She
went
on
singing.
她继续唱歌。
22.
according
to
根据
23.
be
willing
to
do
愿意做某事
如：
I
am
willing
to
help
you.
我愿意帮你。
24.
on
the
other
hands
另一方面
25.
hold
on
to
sth.
保持，不要放弃
Please
hold
on
to
my
hand.
不要放开我的手。
26.
come
true
实现
如：
My
dream
have
come
true.
我的梦实现了。
27．through
穿过
含有“in”的意思
across
横过
含有“on”的意思
28.
Some
day=someday
只指将来某一天
one
day
既可指将来某一天，也可指过去某一天。
28.
Plan
计划打算(1)
plan
to
do
sth
We
are
planning
to
visit
London
this
summer
/Do
plan
to
stay
late?
(2)
跟名词或者代词Have
you
planned
your
trip?
We
have
been
planning
this
visit
for
months.
(3)
plan
for
为…做计划He
planned
for
a
picnic
if
the
next
day
were
fine.
(4)
plan
on
打算有（做某事）She
had
not
planned
on
so
many
guests.
They
are
planning
on
an/for
an
outing.
29.强调句型：It
is(was)…that
(who
,whom)…
(1)
强调句型可用来强调各种句子成分
(2)
强调句中的连词who,whom只用来指代人，that
即可以指代人也可以指代物被强调部分是时间，地点等仍用that
(3)that,whom,
who
后的句中的谓语与原句保持一致
(4)强调句中只有it
is
,it
was
两种时态形式，
如：I
am
right
------It
is
I
who(that)
am
right.
又如：They
will
have
a
meeting
tomorrow.
It
is
they
who(that)
will
have
a
meeting
tomorrow.
It′s
a
meeting
that
they
will
have
tomorrow.
It′s
tomorrow
that
they
will
have
a
meeting.
30.在英语中，有although
不能有but;有because
不能有so
二
、短语
1.go
on
vacation
去度假
2.trek
through
the
jungle
徒步穿越丛林
3.some
day
有朝一日
4.one
of
the
liveliest
cities
最有活力的城市之一
5.be
supposed
to
do
sth.
应该干。
6.pack
light
clothes
穿薄衣服
7.take
a
trip
去旅行
8.provide
sb
with
sth
=
provide
sth
for
sb
为了某人提供某物
9.be
away
离开，远离
10.the
answer
to
the
question
问题的答案
11.according
to
根据。按照。
1
2.work
as
tour
guides
做导游的工作
13.dream
of
梦想，想到
14.less
realistic
dreams
不现实的梦想
15.be
willing
to
do
sth.
愿意干。
16.achieve
one’s
dreams
实现梦想
17.sail
across
the
pacific
横渡太平洋
18.hold
on
to
保持，不要放弃（卖掉）
19.take
it
easy
从容
轻松
不紧张
20.Niagara
Falls
尼亚加拉大瀑布
21.Eiffel
Tower
艾菲尔铁塔
22.Notre
Dame
Cathedral
巴黎圣母院
23.this
time
of
year
一年中的这个时候
24.in
general
通常
,大体上,
一般而言
三、句子
1.where
would
you
like
to
go
on
vacation?
I’d
like
to
trek
through
the
jungle.
2.l
like
places
where
the
weather
is
always
warm.
3.I
like
to
go
somewhere
relaxing
我喜欢去休闲的地方
4.For
your
next
vacation,
why
not
consider
visiting
Paris?
你下次度假为什么不考虑去巴黎？
5.Traveling
around
Paris
by
taxi
can
cost
a
lot
of
money.
乘坐出租车游览巴黎要花费很多钱
6.So
unless
you
speak
French
yourself,
it’s
best
to
travel
with
someone
who
can
translate
things
for
you.
因此，除非你自己会讲法语，否则最好与一个能为你翻译的人一起去。
7.
We’d
like
to
be
away
for
three
weeks.
我们大约要去三个星期.
8.The
person
has
a
lot
of
money
to
spend
on
the
vacation.
度假中这个人有很多钱可以花.
9.I
hope
you
can
provide
me
with
some
information
about
the
kinds
of
vacations
that
your
firm
can
offer
我希望能给我提供一些贵公司能经营的旅游项目的信息.
10.Could
you
please
give
me
some
suggestions
for
vacation
spots?
你能给我一些有关度假地的建议吗？
11.You
need
to
pack
some
warm
clothes
if
you
go
there.
你如果去那里，需要带一些暖和的衣服。
12.I’d
love
to
sail
across
the
Pacific.
我想横渡太平洋。
Unit
8
一．知识点：
短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种：
1.动词+副词
如：give
up
放弃
turn
off
关掉
stay
up
熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动
词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放
在短语动词后。
2.
动词+介词
如：listen
of
听
look
at
看
belong
to
属于
这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。
3.
动词+副词+介词
如：come
up
with
提出，想出
run
out
of
用完，耗尽
4.
动词+名词(介词)
如：take
part
in参加
catch
hold
of
抓住
1.cheer
(sb.)
up
使(某人)高兴、振作
如：cheer
me
up
使我高兴
clean
up
打扫

clean-up
n.
打扫
2.
homeless
adj.
无家可归的
a
homeless
boy
一个无家可归的男孩home
n.
家
4.
sick
adj.
生病的
作表语、定语
ill
adj.
生病的作表语
，不能作定语
5.
volunteer
to
do
v.
志愿效劳、主动贡献
volunteer
n.
志愿者
6.
come
up
with
提出
想出
===
think
up
想出
catch
up
with
赶上
追上
7.
put
off
doing
推迟做某事
put
on
穿上
(指过程)
put
up
张贴
8.
write
down
写下
记下
9.
call
up
打电话
make
a
telephone
call
打电话
10.
set
up
成立
建立
The
new
hospital
was
set
up
in
2000.
这座医院是在2000年成立的。
11.
each
每个
各自的
强调第一个人或事物的个别情况
常与of
连用
every
每个
每一个的
一切的
则有“全体”的意思不能与of
连用
12.
put
…to
use
把…
投入使用，利用
They
put
the
new
machine
to
use.
他们把新机器投入使用
13.
help
sb.
(to)
do
帮助某人做某事
help
him
(to)
study
help
sb.
with
sth.
帮助某人做某事
help
him
with
English
help
do
帮助做某事
help
study
14.
plan
to
do
计划做某事
plan
+
从句
I
plan
to
go
to
Beijing.
===
I
plan
(that)
I
will
go
to
Beijing.
我计划去北京。
15.
spend
…
doing
花费…做…
I
spent
a
day
visiting
Beijing.
我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend…
on
sth.
花费…在…
I
spent
3
years
on
English.
16.not
only
…
but
(also)
…
不但…
而且…
用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以
not
only
…but
(also)…
开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此
⑴Not
only
do
I
feel
good
but
(also)….
是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：
①Not
only
can
I
do
it
but
(also)
I
can
do
best.
我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not
only…but
(also)…
接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化
也就是就近原则
如：
①Not
only
Lily
but
(also)
you
like
cat.
不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not
only
you
but
(also)
Lily
likes
cat.
不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有：
①Neither…
nor…即不…也不…
(两者都不)Neither
you
nor
I
like
him.
我和你都不喜欢他。
②Either…
or…
不是…就是…
(两者中的一个)Either
Lily
or
you
are
a
student.
③Not
only
…but
(also)…
④There
be
17.
join
参加
(指参加团体、组织)
如：join
the
Party
入党
take
part
in
参加
(指参加活动)
如：
take
part
in
sports
meeting
参加运动会
18.
run
out
与
run
out
of
①run
out
(become
used
up).
其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本
身就含有被动意义。
His
money
soon
ran
out.
他的钱很快就花光了。
My
patience
has
completely
run
out.
我没有一点耐心了。
Our
time
is
running
out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。
②run
out
of
主语为人，表示主动含义。
He
is
always
running
out
of
money
before
pay
day.
他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如：The
petrol
is
running
out.
汽油快用完了
=
We
are
running
out
of
petrol.
我们快把汽油用完了。
Our
time
is
running
out.
我们剩下的时间不多了。=
We
are
running
out
of
time
19.
take
after
(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像
be
similar
to
与..相像
take
after
相像
look
after
照顾
take
care
of
照顾
20.
work
out
v.
+
adj.
①结局，结果为
The
strategies
that
he
came
up
with
worked
out
fine.
他提出的这个策略效果很好。
②算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）
He
never
seems
to
be
worked
out.
他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He
worked
out
a
plan.
他制订了一个计划。
I
have
worked
out
our
total
expenses.
我已经算出了我们总的费用。
21.
hang
out
闲荡
闲逛
I
like
to
hang
out
at
mall
with
my
friends.
我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
22.
be
able
to
do
能
会
be
unable
to
do
不能
不会
23.
thank
you
for
doing
谢谢做某事
如：
thank
you
for
helping
me
谢谢做帮助我
24.
for
sure
确实如此，毫无疑问
You
don’t
have
money.
That’s
for
sure.
你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。
25.
fill…
with…
使…充满…
用…填充…
She
filled
the
bowl
with
water.
她用水填满碗。
26.
like
prep.
像…
27.
help
sb.
out
帮助…做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)
I
can’t
work
out
this
math
problem.
Please
help
me
out.
我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。
28.
train
n.
火车
train
v.
训练
train
sb.
to
do.
训练某人做某事
She
trains
her
dog
to
fetch
things.
她训练她的狗去取东西。
29.
at
once
==
right
away
立刻
马上
如：
Do
it
at
once.
马上去做。
I’ll
go
there
at
once/
right
away.
我马上去那里。
30.
one
day
有一天
(指将来/过去)
some
day
有一天(指将来)
如：
One
day
I
went
to
Beijing.
有一天我去了北京。
Some
day
I’ll
go
to
Beijing.
有一天我将去北京。
31.
specially
adv.
特意地
专门地
特别地

special
adj.
特别的
32.
donation
n.
捐赠物donate
v.
捐赠
赠送
33.
part
of
speech
词性
词类
34.
disabled
adj.
肢体有残疾的

disable
v.
不能
35.
hand
out
分发
hand
out
bananas
give
out
分发give
out
sth
to
sb.
分….给某人
give
up
doing
放弃…
give
up
smoking
放弃吸烟
give
away
赠送
捐赠
give
away
sth.
to
….
give
away
money
to
kids
give
sb.
sth.
给某人某东西
give
me
money
给我钱
give
sth.
to
sb.
给某人某东西
give
money
to
me
给我线
36.
volunteer①可数名词
“志愿者”

②adj.
自愿的
vi.
volunteer
to
do
sth
They
are
the
Chinese
People’s
Volunteers.
他们是中国人民志愿军。
I
volunteer
to
help
you.
我自愿帮助你。
37.
no
longer
=
not
…
any
longer
指时间上不再延续。
no
more
=
not
…
any
more
指动作上不再延续。
二．短语
1.clean
up
清扫
2.give
out
分发，发放
3.cheer
up=make…happier
使...高兴，使...振作
4.after
school
study
program
课外学习班
5.come
up
with=think
up
提出，想出
6.put
off
推迟
7.write
down
写下，记下
8.put
up
张贴
9.hand
out
分发，发放
10.call
up
打电话
11.ser
up=establish
建立
12.be
home
to
sb
是某人的家园
13.volunteer
one’s
time
to
do
sth
自愿花时间干...
14.put…to
use…
把...投入使用
15.elementary
school
小学
16.plan
to
do
sth
计划干...打算干
17.coach
a
football
team
for
kids
训练少年足球队
18.start
a
Chinese
History
club
开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run
out
of
用完，耗尽
20.take
after
在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix
up
修理
22.give
away
捐赠
23.be
similar
to
与...相似
24.ask
for
索要
25.a
call-in
center
for
parents
家长热线
26.hang
out
闲荡
27.put
up
signs
asking
for
singing
jobs
张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run
out
of
money
for
singing
lessons
学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled
people
残疾人
30.for
sure
确实如此，毫无疑问
31.fill…with...
用...填充...

be
full
of
装满了...
32.help...out
帮助...做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）
33.a
specially
trained
dog
一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train
sb
to
do
sth
训练某人干...
35.fetch
my
book
把我的书拿来
36.part
of
speech
词性
三．句子
1．We
can’t
put
off
making
a
plan.
Clean-up
Day
is
only
two
weeks
from
now.
我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。
2．She
puts
this
love
to
good
use
by
working
in
the
after-school
care
centre
at
her
local
elementary
school.
她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用
3．Not
only
do
I
feel
good
about
helping
other
people,
but
I
get
to
spend
time
doing
what
I
love
to
do.
帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。
4．The
three
students
plan
to
set
up
a
student
volunteer
project
at
heir
school.
这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。
5.He
also
put
up
some
sign
asking
for
old
bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。
6.The
strategies
that
he
came
up
with
worked
out
fine.
几米想出的这个办法很效。
7．He
did
a
radio
interview.
他接受了电台的采访。
8．We
need
to
come
up
with
a
plan.
我们需要指定一个计划。
9．You
could
help
clean
up
the
city
parks.
你可以帮助打扫城市公园。
10．He
now
has
sixteen
bikes
to
fix
up
and
give
away
to
children
who
don’t
have
bikes.
他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。
Unit9
1.
被动语态
(1).
被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2).
被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3).
被动语态中的be
是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+
过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+
be
+
过去分词
(4).
被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句
末，by
表示“由，被”的意思
如何理解被动语态？
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态：
主语+谓语动词

+

宾语
+
其他成分
被动语态：
主语+
be
+过去分词
+
by
+宾语

+其他成分
如：
Many
peoplespeak
English.
被动语态
English
is
spoken

by
many
people.
2.
本单元要掌握的句型
见课本P69
中的Grammar
Focus
3.
invent
v.
发明
inventor
n.
发明家
invention
n.
发明
可数名词
4.
be
used
for
doing用来做…(是被动语态)
如：
Pens
are
used
for
writing.
笔是用来写的。
Pens
aren’t
used
for
eating.
笔不是用来吃的。
5.
给某人某样东西
give
sth.
to
sb.

如：I
gave
a
pen
to
him.
我给他一支笔。
give
sb.
sth.I
gave
him
a
pen.
我给他一支笔。
6.
all
day
整天
7.
salty
adj.
咸的
salt
n.
盐
8.
by
mistake
错误地
如：
I
took
the
umbrella
by
mistake.
我不小心拿错了雨伞。
9.
make
sb./sth.
+形容词
使…怎么样
It
made
me
happy.
它使我高兴
make
sb./sth.
+名词
让…做…
It
made
me
laugh.
它让我发笑
10.
by
accident
意外
偶然
I
met
her
by
accident
at
bus
stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
11.
not…until…
直到…才做…
如：
I
didn’t
go
to
bed
until
I
finished
my
work.
我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
12.
according
to
+名词
根据…
如：according
to
an
legend
according
to
this
article根据这篇文章
根据一个神话
13.
over
an
open
fire
野饮
14.
leaf
n.
叶子
复数形式
leaves
15.
nearby
adj.
附近的
如：
the
nearby
river
16.
fall
into
落入
掉进
如：The
leaf
fell
into
the
river.
叶子落入了河里。fall
down
摔倒
如：She
fell
down
from
her
bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了。
17.
quite
非常
adv.
与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面
如：quite
a
beautiful
girl
一个漂亮的女孩
very
非常
adv.
与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面
如：a
very
beautiful
girl
一个漂亮女孩
注：当不与冠词a
连用时，两者可以互用
如：
I
am
very
happy.===
I
am
quite
happy.
我非常高兴。
18.
in
the
way
这样
19.
pleased
adj.
表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant
adj.
愉快
高兴
指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please
v.
使高兴
使同意
20.
battery—operated
adj.
电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21.
in
the
sixth
century
在第6世纪
22.
travel
around
周游
23.
more
than
===
over
超过
如：more
than
300
==
over
300
超过300
24.
including
prep.
介词
包括
可以与名词和动名词连用
如:
Six
people,
including
a
baby,
were
hurt.
6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
25.
have
been
played
被上演

是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have
/has
been
+过去分词
26.
be
born
出生
He
was
born
in
Canada.
他在加拿大出生
27.
safety
n.
安全
safe
adj.
安全的
28.
knock
into
撞上(某人)
29.
divide
sth.
into
…
将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分
如：
Let’s
divide
ourselves
into
4groups.
让我们把我们自己划成4组。
30.
since
then
自从那以后
常与完成时
态连用
如：
Since
then,
I
have
left
Beijing.
自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。
Unit10
1.
过去完成时
(1)
构成：由助动词had
+
过去分词
构成
否定式：had
not
+
过去分词

缩写形式：hadn’t
(2)
用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
(3)
它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by,
before
等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when,
before,
after
等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
When
I
got
there,
you
had
already
eaten
you
meal.
当我到达那里时，你已经开始了。
By
the
time
he
got
here,
the
bus
had
left.
到他到达这里时，汽车已经离开了
2.
by
the
time
直到…时候
指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间
如：
By
the
time
we
got
to
his
house,
he
had
finished
supper.
在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭。
3.
英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用
leave
+
地点
,而不是forget+地点
如：Unluckily,
I
left
my
book
at
home不幸的是，我把书忘在家里了。
4.
close
v.
关

adv.
接近地
靠近地closed
adj.
关的
5.
come
out
出来
6.
on
time
按时
准时
既不早也不迟
in
time
及时
指在时限到来之前
7.
luckily
adv.
幸运地
lucky
adj.
幸运的
luck
n.
好运
8.
give
sb.
a
ride
让某搭便车
如：
He
often
gives
me
a
ride
to
school.
他经常让我搭便车去学校。
9.only
just
刚刚好、恰好
10.
go
off
(闹钟)闹响
The
alarm
went
off
just
now.
刚才警钟响了。
11.
break
down
坏掉
12.
fool
n.
傻子
呆子
v.
愚弄
欺骗
如：

He
is
a
fool.
他是一个呆子。
We
can’t
fool
our
teach.
我们不能欺骗我们的教师。(动词)
13.
show
up
出现
出席
She
didn’t
show
up
last
night.
昨晚她没有出现
14.
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某做事
如：
My
friend
invited
me
to
watch
TV.
我的朋友邀请我看电视。
15.
set
off
激起
出发
set
up
建立
16.
①so
…
that
如此…以致于
引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.
②so
that作“为了”时，引导目的状语从句，从句常出现情态动词，
作结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用情态动词
。
如：She
got
up
early
so
that
she
could
catch
the
bus.
为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)
She
was
so
sad
that
she
couldn’t
say
a
word.
她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)
17.
flee
from
从…逃跑
避开
如：They
fled
from
their
home.
他们从他们的家里逃了出来。
18.
thrill
v
.
使人非常激动，使人非常紧张
thrilled
adj.
指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrilling
adj.
指某事物使人心情激动
19.
get
married
结婚
20.
convince
v.
使信服
convincing
adj.
令人信服的
21.
land
v.
着落
22.
be
late
for
迟到
23.
a
piece
of
一片/块/张
如：
a
piece
of
paper/
bread
一张纸/
一块面包
重点短语：
1.到…时候by
the
time
+…(句子)…从过去某一点到从句所示时间为止的一段时间,即从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。
2.(闹钟)闹响go
off
3.跑掉;迅速离开run
off
4.损坏break
down

(突然)中断break
off
5.(在)愚人节(on)
April
Fool"s
Day
6.激起;引
起set
off
7.一片,一块a
piece
of
8.按时on
time
及时in
time
Section
A
1.从…离开去…leave
(from)…for
…
把某物遗忘在某地leave
sth.
+介宾短语(表地点的)
忘记某人/某事forget
sb
/sth.
忘记去作…forget
to
do
…
忘记已作了…forget
doing
…
2.在洗沐浴get
in
the
shower
3.开始作…start/begin
to
do
…(前后不同的事)start/begin
doing
…(前后相同的事)
4.我上学从未迟到,但昨天我差点迟到.I
"ve
never
been
late
for
school
,but
yesterday
I
came
very
close.
5.等待(某人)作…wait
(for
sb
)to
do
…
6.出来;开花come
out
实现come
ture
从旁而过come
by
来自…come/be
from…
7.我必须抓紧了.I
had
to
really
rush.
8.飞快冲了个
澡take/have
a
quick
shower
9.给/让某人搭便车give/get
sb.
a
ride
=give
/get
a
ride
to
sb.
10.我恰好赶上上课.I
only
just
made
it
to
my
class.(此时,指"约定"之意)
SectionB
1.给某人穿衣服dress
sb.
穿(…)衣服
be
/get
dressed
(in
+衣服)
化装;打扮dress
up
2.熬夜stay
/sit
up
(late)
3.给某人看某物show
sb
.sth.=show
sth
.to
sb.
带某人参观…show
sb.around
sth.
卖弄…show
off…
出席,露面show
up
展览
be
on
show
=be
on
display
4.化妆舞会a
costume
party
5.在地球着陆land
on
the
earth
6.由演员奥森·威尔斯主
持的广播节目a
radio
program
by
actor
Orsom
Welles
7.遍及全国across
the
whole
country
=all
over
the
whole
country
8.从…逃跑;避开…flee
from…=run
away
from…(flee过去式为fled
)
9.将有…the
re
will
be
….(一般将来时)
there
would
be
…(过去将来时)
10.买尽可能多的意大利面条buy
as
much
spaghetti
as
they
could
/possible
11.让某人嫁过某人ask
sb
.to
marry
sb.
结婚get
married
和…结婚
get
/be
married
with
…=marry
…
12.停止作…stop
doing
…停下某事来作…stop
to
do
…
13.在开学
第一天on
the
first
day
of
school
14.(向某人)打招呼say
hello
(to
sb.)
15.醒来wake
up
叫…醒来wake
sb.
up
16.
有一个很愉快的结局have
a
very
happy
ending
17.失去了他的女朋友和他的观众lose
both
his
girlfriend
and
his
show
Unit11
1.宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
①由连接词+
主语+
谓语　构成
常由下面的一些连接词引导：
②由that
引导
表示陈述意义
that
可省略
He
says
(that)
he
is
at
home.
他说他在家里。
③由if
,
whether
引导
表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I
don’t
know
if
/
whether
Wei
Hua
likes
fish.
我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)
引导
表示特殊疑问意义
Do
you
know
what
he
wants
to
buy?
你知道他想要买什么吗？
⑤从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态
He
says
(that
)
he
is
at
home.
他说他在家里。
I
don’t
know
(that)
she
is
singing
now.
我不知道她正在唱歌。
She
wants
to
know
if
I
have
finished
my
homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do
you
know
when
he
will
be
back?
你知道他将会什么时候回来？
当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态
(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He
said
(that)
he
was
at
home.
他说他在家里。
I
didn’t
know
that
she
was
singing
now.
我不知道她正在唱歌。
She
wanted
to
know
if
I
had
finished
m
homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did
you
know
when
he
would
be
back?
你知道他将会什么时候回来？
2.
get
v.
得到、买、到达
3.
make
a
telephone
call
打电话
4.
save
money
省钱、存钱
5.
①问路常用的句子：
Do
you
know
where
…is
?
Can
you
tell
me
how
can
I
get
to
…?
Could
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
…？
②Can/Could/Will/Would
you
please
tell
me
sth.
表示十分客气地询问事情
③Could
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？中的how
to
get
to
the
park
是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句，可是
相当于how
I
can
get
to
the
park（宾语从句）如：
I
don’t
know
how
to
solve
the
problem.
==
I
don’t
know
how
I
can
solve
the
problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can
you
tell
me
when
to
leave?
==
Can
you
tell
me
when
I
ill
leave?
你能告诉我什么时候离开？
6.
日常交际用语：
take
the
elevator
/
escalator
to
the
…
floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn
left
/
right
===
take
a
left
/
right
向左/
右转
go
past
经过go
straight
向前直走
7.
next
to
旁边、紧接着
如：Lily
is
next
to
Ann.
莉莉就在安的旁边。
8.
between
…
and…
在…和…之间
如:
Lily
is
between
Ann
and
Tom.
莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。
9.
decide
to
do
决定做…
She
decided
to
go
to
have
lunch.
她决定去吃午餐。
decide
v.decision
n.

make
a
decision
做个决定
10.
Is
that
a
good
place
to
hang
out?
那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？
中的to
hang
out修饰前面名词place，不定式作定语.
如：There
are
something
to
eat.
这有吃的东西。中的to
eat修饰代词something，作定语.
11.
kind
of
+adj./
adv.
译为“有点、一点”
如：

She
is
kind
of
shy.
她有点害羞。
12.
expensive
贵的
反义词
inexpensive
不贵的
13.
crowded
拥挤的
反义词
uncrowded
不拥挤的
14.
take
a
vacation
==
go
on
a
vacation
去度假
15.
dress
up
打扮
dress
up
as
打扮成..
如：He
wanted
to
dress
up
as
Father
Christmas.他想要打扮成圣诞老人。
16.
on
the
beach
在海滩上
的介词用
on
17.
politely
adv.
有礼貌地

polite
adj.
有礼貌的
18.
depend
on
sth
/
doing
/
从句

根据、依靠、依赖、决定于
Living
things
depend
on
the
sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。
We
can’t
depend
on
his
answer.
我们不能根据他的回答。
That
depends
on
how
you
did
it.
那决定于你怎样做这件事。
19.
prefer动词
更喜欢
宁愿
常用的结构有：
prefer
sth.
更喜欢某事
I
prefer
English.
我更喜欢英语。
prefer
doing/
to
do
宁愿做某事
I
prefer
sitting/
to
sit.我宁愿坐着。
prefer
sth
to
sth.
同…相比更喜欢…
I
prefer
dogs
to
cats.
与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
prefer
doing
to
doing
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I
prefer
walking
to
sitting.
我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
prefer
to
do
rather
than
do
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I
prefer
to
work
rather
than
be
free.
我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
20.
on
the
other
hand
另一方面
21.把…借给某人lend
sb.
sth.
＝
lend
sth.to
sb.
如：
Lily
lent
me
her
book.
==
Lily
lent
her
book
to
me
.莉莉把她的书借给了我。
22.
such
as
23.
I’m
sorry
to
do
sth.
对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。
24.
in
a
way
在某种程度说
25.
in
order
to
do
为了做…
表目的
如：
He
got
up
early
in
order
to
catch
the
first
bus.
他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。
26.
等级/同级比较：as…as
，
not
as/so…as
①as
+
形容词/
副词原级
+
as
表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…”
如：　He
works
as
hard
as
we.
他工作和我们同样努力。
②否定式：not
as
+
形容词/
副词原级
+
as
==
not
so
+
形容词/
副词原级
+
as
He
doesn’t
work
as
/
so
hard
as
we.
他工作没有我们那样努力。
27.
hand
in
上交
Unit12
1.
be
supposed
to
do
.　应该　如：
We
are
supposed
to
stop
smoking.
我们应该停止吸烟。
知识拓展　表示应该的词有：should,
ought
to
,be
supposed
to
2.
shake
hands　握手　　shake
本意是“摇动、震动”
3.
You
should
have
asked
what
you
were
supposed
to
wear.
你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。中的“should
have
asked”是
“情态动词＋现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做
如：She
should
have
gone
to
Beijing.
她本应该去了北京。（没有去）
4.
be
relaxed
about
sth.　对某事随意、不严格　如：
They
are
relaxed
about
the
time.
他们对时间很随意。
5.
pretty
　adv.
相当,很＝very　She
is
pretty
friendly.
她相当友好。
adj.
美丽的
She
is
a
pretty
girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
6.
make
plans
to
do
==
plan
to
do.
打算做某事　如：
She
has
made
plans
to
go
to
Beijing.==She
has
planed
to
go
to
Beijing.
7.
drop
by
访问　看望　拜访　串门
We
just
dropped
by
our
friends’
homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。
8.
on
time
按时
9.　after
all
毕竟　终究　如：You
see
I
was
right
after
all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。
10.
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某事　如：
Lily
invited
me
to
have
dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。
11.
without
没有
12.
around
the
world
==
all
over
the
world
全世界
13.
pick
up
捡起　挑选　如：He
picked
up
his
hat.
他捡起他的帽子。
14.
start
doing
==
start
to
do
开始做某事　如
He
started
reading.==
He
started
to
read.
他开始读。
15.
point
at
指向
16.
stick
v.
剌　截　　n.
棒，棍
chopstick
筷子　是由chop(砍)＋stick(棒)合成，通常用复数形式：chopsticks
17.
go
out
of
one’s
way
to
do
特意，专门做某事　如：
He
went
out
of
his
way
to
make
me
happy.
他特意使我高兴。
18.
make
mistakes
犯错误（复数）make
a
mistake
犯错误（一个）
19.
be
different
from
与…不同　　如：
Chinese
food
is
different
from
theirs.
中国菜与他们的不同.
20.
get/be
used
to
sth.
习惯于…
get/be
used
to
doing　习惯于…
be
used
to
do
　　被用于做…
be
used
for
doing　被用于做…
used
to
do
过去常常做…　如：
I
wash
clothes
everyday.
But
I’m
used
to
it.我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了
I
am
used
to
washing
clothes.
我习惯于洗衣服了。
The
knives
are
used
to
cut
things.
小刀被用来切东西。
The
knives
are
used
for
cutting
things.
小刀被用来切东西。
She
used
to
watch
TV
after
school.
她过去放学后常常看电视。
21.
我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。
I
find
it
difficult
to
remember
everything.
形式宾语　　
真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有：find
/
think
+
it/them
+形容词
to
do
sth.
如：
I
think
it
hard
to
study
English.
22.
cut
up
切开　切碎　如：Let’s
cut
up
the
water
melon.
让我们切开这个西瓜吧。
23.
make
a
toast
敬酒
24.
crowd
v.挤满
其形容词和过去式及过去分词都是：crowded
25.
set
n.
一套　　v.
设置
26.
can’t
stop
doing
忍不住做某事　I
can’t
stop
laughing.
我忍不住笑
27.
make
faces　做鬼脸
28.　face
to
face
面对面
29.
learn…by
oneself
自学　如：　　　I
learn
English
by
my
self.
我自学英语。
Unit
13---Unit15
疑难点
一、疑点难点破解
1.
You
have
to
be
careful.你得小心。
疑点：be
careful“小心，当心”
如：Be
careful
while
crossing
the
road.过马路要小心。
难点：be
careful后常跟of短语。与它同义的有look
out。
如：Aren’t
you
a
bit
too
careful
of
your
health？你对个人的健康难道不是有点过于小心了吗？
Look
out！There’s
danger
ahead.当心！前面有危险。
2.
At
times
an
ad
can
lead
you
to
buy
something
you
don’t
need
at
all.有时广告可能导致你买你根本不需要的东西。
疑点：at
times=
sometime，是副词性短语，表示事物发生的频率。
如：He
is
late
for
school
at
times.他有时上学迟到。
难点：1)对含有at
times的短语进行提问时，用How
soon.
如：How
soon
does
he
go
to
school
late？At
times.
2)句中lead意为“使得、导致”，常用于短语lead
sb.
to
do
sth.“导致某人做某事”
如：What
leads
you
to
think
so？
3.Soft
lighting
makes
people
look
good，but
it
make
food
look
bad.柔和的光线使人的脸色看上去很好看，但使食物看起来很难看。
疑点：look
good/bad意思为“外表的颜色看起来好看/难看”
如：The
traffic
accident
made
him
look
bad.
难点：look
fine/
well指看起来身体健康
如：You
look
better
today
than
yesterday.你今天看上去比昨天好多了。
3.
It
makes
me
want
to
join
a
clean-up
campaign.这让我想加入一次清扫大运动。
疑点：注意join的用法：(1)join加入军队，政党，组织等，成为其中一员。
如：The
next
year
he
joined
the
union.第二年他加入了工会。
(2)join加入某人，并一起进行某项活动。
如：She
joined
her
husband
in
his
study.她与她的丈夫一块从事他的研究。
难点：与join意思相近的短语take
part
in也表示“参加……”，take
an
active
part
in积极参加。它侧重于参加某项活动或运动。
如：Do
you
take
an
active
part
in
sports？你积极参加体育活动吗？
4.
For
instance，they
can
help
you
to
compare
two
different
products
so
that
you
can
buy
the
one
you
really
need.
例如，他们能够帮你比较两种不同的产品，以至于你能买到你真正需要的那个。
疑点：for
instance相当于for
example
意思为“例如”
如：He
likes
all
kinds
of
sports，
for
instance
he
likes
playing
soccer
very
much.
难点：句中的compare意为“比较，对照”，可以构成短语compare...with...把……与……相比，compare...to...把……比作……
If
we
compare
French
schools
with
British
schools，we
will
find
many
differences.
如果我们把法国的学校与英国的学校相比，会发现许多不同之处。
如：The
poet
compares
the
woman
he
loves
to
a
rose.
这位诗人把他所钟情的女人比作玫瑰花。
5.
If
you
think
flowers
are
too
feminine
a
gift
for
a
man
to
receive，you
can
consider
giving
a
plant
instead.
如果你认为鲜花对一位男士来说太女性化而不好接受，你可以考虑送一种植物。
疑点：consider
doing
sth.
考虑做某事
如：I’m
considering
changing
my
job.我正在考虑换工作。
难点：consider还可以加that从句，表示“考虑到…”；还可以组成短语consider
sb.
+n/adj，
表示“把…看作/认为…”
如：If
you
consider
that
she’s
only
been
studying
English
for
six
months，she
speaks
it
well.
如果考虑到她学英语才六个月，那么她讲英语讲得的确不错了。
Do
you
consider
her
suitable
for
the
job？你认为她做这工作合适吗？
二、重点讲解
1.
Rainy
days
make
me
sad.雨天使人沮丧。make的用法
(1)make+n.make
food
做饭make
a
plane做飞机make
the
bed
铺床
make
money
赚钱
make
sb./sth.+adj.使某人(感到)，使……处于某种状态
(2)make的宾语之后可跟名词、形容词、分词来充当宾语的补足语
1)名词作make的宾语补足语
The
party
made
her
a
good
teacher.党把她培养成为一名好教师.
2)形容词作make的宾语补足语
如：Soccer
makes
me
crazy.足球使我疯狂。
The
soft
music
makes
Tina
sleepy.轻柔的音乐使Tina快睡着了。
Waiting
for
her
made
me
angry.我很生气一直等着她。
可用到的形容词有：happy，pleased，surprised，angry，annoyed，sad，upset，unhappy，worried，anxious，excited，relaxed，stressed
out，tense，calm，scared，comfortable，sick…
3)分词作make的宾语补足语
如：
I
made
myself
understood
by
all
the
students.
You
must
make
yourself
respected.
(3).
make
sb./sth.+do…使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to)
如：Wars
make
the
peace
go
away.战争使和平远离。
注意：当make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号to.
如：We
were
made
to
work
all
night.我们被迫日夜工作。
(4).
make
it习惯用语，及时赶到，到达目的地
如：I
just
made
it
to
my
class.(Unit
9)我恰好赶到班级。(arrived
in
time)
(5).
make
of
/from./out
of
make
of
原材料制成成品后，原材料未经任何化学变化，仍保持原有性质.
如：The
chair
is
made
of
wood.
make
from当原材料制成成品后，经过了化学变化，失去了原有性质.
(6).
make
up
of
常用于被动结构：be
made
up
of…相当于consist
of…(由……组成)
make
up
from
由…..所制造
如：A
car
is
made
up
of
many
different
parts.
She
wore
a
necklace
made
up
from
gold
coins.她戴着一串由金币制成的项链.
2.…but
don’t
really
tell
you
anything
about
the
quality
of
the
product.但没有真正告诉你有关产品质量的任何问题。
tell
sb.
about
sth.“告诉某人有关某事”，tell
sb.
sth.“告诉某人某事”。
如：The
granny
told
us
about
a
thief
breaking
into
her
house.
Tell
me
where
you
live.告诉我你住在哪儿。？
3.
They
also
have
to
know
how
to
make
money.他们还必须知道如何赚钱。
(1)know
how
to
do
其中的不定式带有疑问词。
know
what
to
do
知道做什么。这一句式可以改为复合句，上句也可为：
They
also
have
to
know
how
they
can
make
money.
又如：Please
tell
me
when
we
should
leave.
=Please
tell
me
when
to
leave.
请告诉我什么时候离开。
(2)make
money/earn
money挣钱
如：His
father
makes
/earns
a
lot
of
money
as
a
pilot.他父亲当飞机驾驶员挣钱很多。
4.
However，some
advertising
can
be
confusing
or
misleading.
然而，一些广告会混淆或误导你。
(1)confuse
v.使迷惑；confusing
adj令人迷惑的；confusedadj.迷惑的，糊涂的
如：Waking
up
in
strange
surroundings
confused
her.她醒来时看到一片陌生的环境，这把她搞糊涂了。
The
instructions
are
very
confusing
and
I
can’t
understand
them.这些指示莫名其妙，我没有办法理解
He
gets
confused
easily.他很容易被弄糊涂。
(2)mislead
v.使某人想错/做错，误导；misleading
adj.令人受误导的
如：a
misleading
description/advertisement误导人的描述(广告)
5.
Be
sure
to
follow
your
host’s
suggestions.务必要遵从主人的暗示或提议。
(1)be
sure
to别忘了，记住
如：Be
sure
to
turn
everything
off
before
you
go
to
bed.别忘了睡觉之前关上各样东西。
(2)be
sure
to
do一定会……的，必定会发生的。
如：It’s
sure
to
rain.
必定会下雨。
(3)be
sure
of
对……有把握。
如：He’s
sure
of
living
to
ninety.他对活到90岁很有信心。
三、语法展示
宾语补足语
1.宾语补足语和宾语一起称为复合宾语，可作宾语补足语的有：名词，代词，形容词，副词，分词，不定式，介词短语，名词从句。
如：(1)We
call
him
Jim.我们叫他吉姆。
(2)Whom
do
you
think
of
me？
你以为我是谁？
(3)Please
keep
the
room
clean.请保持室内清洁。
(4)He
found
her
out.他发现她出去了。
(5)She
found
the
book
interesting.她认为这本书很有意思。
(6)You’d
better
have
your
shoes
mended.你还是请人把鞋补一补吧。
(7)Make
yourselves
at
home.不要受拘束。
(8)We
made
him
what
he
is.是我们使他成为现在这样。
2.宾语补足语的注意事项
1)作宾语补足语的形容词应放在宾语后，若放在前则变成了定语。
如：(1)We
found
the
man
honest.我们发现此人很诚实。(宾补)
(2)We
found
the
honest
man.我们发现了这个诚实的人。(定语)
2)在动词elect，choose，make之后用作补语的名词，若是表示“身份，职位”则不带冠词。如：They
elected
Li
Lei
monitor
last
week.上周他们选李雷当班长。
3)有些动词后通常跟“to
be+名词或形容词短语”作补语，但to
be常省去。这些动词有：think，consider，believe，imagine，suppose，see，find，feel，etc.。
如：He
thinks
himself
(to
be)
a
clever
man.
他认为自己很聪明。
4)复合宾语可变为宾语从句。
如：We
think
her
a
nice
woman.→We
think
that
she
is
a
nice
woman.我们认为她是个很好的人。
5)动词let，make，have及感官动词后用不带to的不定式作补语，若变为被动语态，应将to加上。
如：I
saw
tears
come
into
her
eyes.→Tears
were
seen
to
come
into
her
eyes.我看到她眼里含着泪。
6)感官动词后跟不带to的不定式或现在分词作补语，其区别在于不定式强调事实经过或动作已完成，而现在分词则强调当时情景或动作正在进行。请比较。
如：I
like
to
hear
her
sing.我喜欢听她唱歌。
I
heard
her
singing
last
night.昨晚我听到她在唱歌。
一、疑点难点破解
1.
Have
you
turned
off
your
radio？你关掉收音机了吗？
疑点：turn
off表示“切断、关上”之意，用于指切断电源、关上水管等。它的反义词是turn
on。当关掉的东西是代词时，把代词放在中间。
如：His
mother
told
him
to
turn
off
TV
and
do
his
homework.他母亲叫他关掉电视去做作业。
The
tap
is
broken.If
you
want
to
save
water，you
must
turn
it
off.
难点：与此相关的短语还有turn
up“开大声”，turn
down“关小点声”。用法同turn
off/on.
如：It
is
too
noisy.
Please
turn
your
radio
down.
I
can’t
hear
clearly.
Would
you
please
turn
the
tape
up？
2.In
the
past
twelve
months
they’ve
had
three
major
concerts
and
made
a
hit
CD.在过去的12个月里他们举行了3次大型演唱会，出了一盘火暴的CD。
疑点：for/in
the
past/last
twelve
months/years/days/etc.常与现在完成时态连用。
如：(1)For
the
past
few
days
he
has
been
ill.几天来他一直生病。
(2)She
has
been
ill
for
the
last
three
days.这三个星期他在生病。
(3)In
the
past
three
years
we
have
learned
two
thousand
English
words.
3年来我们学了2000个英语单词。
难点：用于肯定句时，和以上短语连用的动词必须是延续性动作。
如：He
has
had(而不是bought)the
book
for
three
years.他已经买这本书三年了。
You
have
kept(不用borrow)
the
book
for
two
weeks.你已经借这本书两个星期了。
3.
This
program
started
in
1980
and
so
far
has
brought
thousands
of
overseas
Chinese
students
to
China
to
look
for
their
families’roots.这个项目是1980年开始的，到目前为止已经帮助了几千名海外中国学生来中国寻根。
疑点：so
far意为“到目前为止”，相当于till
now/up
to
now，可用于句首或句末，用作状语，表示范围、程度或距离，通常作为现在完成时的时间状语出现。
如：I
have
read
many
foreign
stories
so
far.
难点：so
far
as
意为“就…而论”、“到…程度”，表示程度、距离等。
如：So
far
as
I
know，he
has
been
to
Beijing
many
times.据我所知，他已去过北京许多次了。
4.
I
agree
with
you.
我同意你的看法。
疑点：agree
with
sb./sb.’s
idea/
sb.’s
view同意某人，同意某人的观点、想法、主意。
如：My
mother
doesn’t
agree
with
my
father
and
me.我妈妈不同意我和爸爸的想法。
难点：agree还有许多的用法
(1)用于简短回答中“同意”或“赞成”。如：Chocolate
is
good
for
your
health.
Do
you
agree？
Yes，I
agree./No，I
don’t
agree.
(2)agree
to
do
sth同意去做某事。如：I
agree
to
ask
someone
for
help.我同意向别人求助。
(3)agree
to
sth赞成某个建议、安排等。如：He
agreed
to
your
suggestion.他赞成你的建议。
(4)agree
on
sth.
在……方面达成一致。如：We
agree
on
a
price
for
the
car.我们就车价达成一致意见。
(5)agree
that+从句。如：Tom’s
mother
agree
that
he
went
on
with
his
study.
5.You
have
probably
never
heard
of
Amy
Winterbourne.你大概从未听说过Amy
Winterbourne.
疑点：hear
of/about听说，接名词、代词或动名词。如：I
have
never
heard
of
the
story
before.
难点：1)hear表示听说时，后面接宾语从句。
如：I
heard
that
his
father
died
yesterday.
2)hear
from=get/receive
a
letter
from意为“收到…的信”，“得到…的消息”from后面加表示人的名词或代词
如：How
often
do
you
hear
from
your
father？你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信？
6.
The
walls
are
made
from
old
glass
bottles
that
are
glued
together.墙是由胶合在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。
疑点：be
made
from
意思是“由…
制成”，但制成品不能看出原材料。
如：Paper
is
made
from
wood.纸是由木头制成的。
难点：be
made还可以构成其他词组，注意区分。
(1)be
made
of意为“由…原材料制成”，主语为制成品，而且能看出原材料，of后面接表示原材料的名词。如：This
jacket
is
made
of
cotton.这件上衣是棉花做的。
(2)be
made
in表示某一产品在某地生产或制造，in后面跟表示地点的名词。
如：Trains
are
made
in
Zhuzhou.火车是株洲制造的。
(3)be
made
by意为“由(谁)制造的”，by后面接动作的执行者。如：The
desk
was
made
by
his
brother.这张桌子是他弟弟做的。
二、重点讲解
1.
Have
you
packed
yet？你打包了吗？
(1)这是一个现在完成时的句型，它是在两个时间上，一是过去，一是现在。它的动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果，而这种影响和结果是说话人的兴趣所在，所以常常后面不用时间状语。Have/has+动词的过去分词，是它的基本结构。
如：Someone
has
broken
the
door.有人把门打破了。(结果，门仍破着)
(2)pack包装，把……装箱pack
sth(up)into…整理行装
如：Pack
clothes
into
a
truck.把衣服装进衣箱内。
pack
into塞进，挤进。如：The
children
packed
into
the
cinemas
on
a
wet
day.在雨天，孩子们挤进电影院。
2.
I
have
not
cleaned
out
the
refrigerator
yet.我还没把冰箱清除干净。
clean
sth
out打扫某物之内部，扫除某物的尘土等。如：It
is
time
for
you
to
clean
your
bedroom.现在该你打扫你的卧室的时候了。
clean
sth
up清除罪犯和不道德分子，整顿(某物)。
如：The
mayor
has
decided
to
clean
up
the
city.市长已决定要整顿市政。
clean
sth
down清扫，擦干净。如：Clean
down
the
walls.把墙上的尘土扫下。
3.
I
have
not
done
any
of
these
things
yet
Because
my
grandfather
came
to
chat
to
me.那些事情我一样也还没做，因为我祖父来和我聊天。
(1)because连词，因为。如：I
did
it
because
they
asked
me
to
do
it.我做这事是因为他们要我做。
(2)because所表达的原因是不知道的，如要表达明显的理由，或被认为是知道的，就用as，for，或so。如：As
it
is
raining，you
had
better
take
a
taxi.=It
is
raining，so
you
had
better
take
a
taxi.既然下雨，你最好坐出租车来。
(3)because
of
后面加名词或名词短语。
如：Because
of
his
bad
legs，he
could
not
walk
so
fast
as
the
others.因为他的腿有毛病，他不能和别人一样走得快。
4.Be
sure
not
to
miss
them
if
they
come
to
a
city
near
you-if
you
can
get
tickets.如果他们到了一个离你近的城市，务必不要错过，如果你能得到票的话。
be
sure
to
do务必，一定要。如：Be
sure
to
tell
me
when
you
arrive
home.到家后务必要告诉我一声。
★注意动词不定式to
do的否定形式，要直接在to
do前加not。如：Be
sure
not
to
wake
up
the
sleeping
boy.一定不要吵醒在睡觉的孩子。
5.
I
feel
like
I
have
done
something
that
wasn’t
important
to
me
before.我想我做了些原先对我并不重要的一些事情。
feel
like+
doing
sth.想要，欲要。如：I
don’t
feel
like
eating
a
big
meal
now.我现在不想吃大餐。
6.
They
provide
homes
for
many
endangered
animals，and
help
to
educate
the
public
about
caring
for
them.我们为濒危动物们提供住所，并教育公众照顾他们。
provide
sth
for
sb
/provide
sb
with
sth把某物提供给某人。如：These
letters
should
provide
us
with
all
the
information
we
need.这些信应该为我们提供所需的全部信息。
三、语法展示
(一)特殊副词的用法
现在完成时态我们在前面的一、二个单元中已讲述过，所以本单元只讲现在完成时态与几个副词的关系。
1.
ever，
never
ever“曾经”，表示从过去到目前为止的时间，用于现在完成时态的疑问和含有最高级的从句中，否定句中常用never代替ever，在反意疑问句中，附加问句用肯定。
如：(1)Have
you
ever
been
to
Hefei？你曾去过合肥吗？
(2)This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I
have
ever
seen.这是我曾看过的电影中最有趣的一部。
(3)He
has
never
been
to
the
Great
Wall，has
he？他从未去过长城，是吗？
2.
still，just
still“仍然，还”，强调过去开始的情况或动作仍在继续，指时间，强调延续；just“刚刚，刚才”，多与现在完成时连用。注意要与just
now区别开，just
now指过去的时间，常与过去时连用。
如：(1)Has
your
sister
still
lived
here？你妹妹仍然住在这儿吗？
(2)I
have
just
finished
lunch.我刚吃过中饭。
(3)I
saw
her
mother
just
now.我刚才看见了她母亲。
3.
before，ago
两者都可作副词用，before表示过去时间的以前，可独立使用，泛指“以前”，可用于现在完成时态或一般过去时态。ago不能独立使用，要置于时间段的词组之后，只能用于过去时态，表示从现在算起以前的时间。但可以用在情态动词加完成时态结构中，表示现在对过去发生的事情的推测。此外与since连用，构成since…ago用于现在完成时态。
如：(1)She
has
seen
the
film
before.
她以前看过这部电影。
(2)Mary
saw
Jim
a
week
ago.玛丽一周前见过吉姆。
(3)A
lot
of
new
things
have
happened
since
ten
years
ago.自十年前以来发生了很多新鲜事。
4.
since，for
since：“自从”，表示的是一个时间点，可用作介词，也可作连词。用作介词时，后接指时间点的名词或短语；用作连词时，后跟一个时间状语从句，但其前的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词须用现在完成时。for构成的短语在现在完成时里，表示时间的长度，后须跟“一段时间”，不可跟“时间点”。
如：(1)He
has
worked
at
that
factory
since
he
came
to
the
city.他到这城市以来一直在这家工厂工作。
(2)I
have
studied
English
for
three
years.
我学习英语已有三年了。
(二)have
been
to
与have
gone
to
的区别
(1)have
been
to表示“已经去过某地”，现在已经不在所去的地方了
如：He
has
been
to
America
twice.他已经去过美国两次了。
(2)have
gone
to表示“去了某地”，并未回来，最起码不在当地。
He
is
not
here.
He
has
gone
to
America.他不在这里，他去美国了。
Unit
13---Unit15单元重难点句子讲解
1.
I’d
rather
go
to
the
Blue
Lagoon
Restaurant...
我宁愿去Blue
Lagoon餐厅，……
would
rather意为“宁愿……”，表示句子主语的愿望、选择，后接省去to的不定式。
He’d
rather
join
you
in
the
English
Group.
他宁愿加入到你的英语小组中来。
Which
would
you
rather
have,
bread
or
rice?
面包和米饭，你更喜欢哪一个？
如果表示“宁愿（可）……也不愿……”则用句型would
rather...than...。在would
rather和than后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要一致。
The
brave
soldier
would
rather
die
than
give
in.那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。
He’d
rather
work
than
play.
他宁愿工作也不愿玩。
They
preferred
to
die
of
hunger
rather
than
take
his
bread.
他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。
2.
Loud
music
makes
me
happy.
(P103)嘈杂的音乐使我很开心。
Loud
music
always
makes
me
want
to
dance.
(P103)嘈杂的音乐总是使我想去跳舞。
这两句是动词make的使役用法，make
me后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构：
◎
make+名词（代词）+省略to的动词不定式
My
parents
often
make
me
do
some
other
homework.
我父母常让我做些其他的作业。
特别提示
这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语，必须省去to，变为被动结构时，不定式短语作主语补足语，这时必须带to。
She
was
made
to
work
for
the
night
shift.
她不得不上夜班。
◎make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语
What
made
them
so
frightened?什么使他们这样害怕？
Can
you
make
yourself
understood
in
English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗？
◎make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语
She
made
him
her
assistant.
她委派他做自己的助手。
Sit
down
and
make
yourselves
at
home,
everyone.大家请坐，不要拘束。
◎make+名词（代词）+形容词或形容词短语。
The
good
news
made
us
happy.
这条好消息使我们很高兴。
3.
...
small
restaurants
can
serve
many
people
every
day.
(P104)……小饭店每天就可以多接待些顾客。
句中的serve
有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下结构中：
◎
serve+宾语
They
were
busy
serving
the
day’s
last
buyers.他们正忙着接待这天的最后一批顾客。
Nobody
can
serve
two
masters.
一人不能侍奉二主。
◎
serve
sb
sth,
或serve
sth
to
sb
Mrs
Turner
served
us
a
very
good
dinner.
=Mrs
Turner
served
a
very
good
dinner
to
us.
特纳太太招待我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
◎
serve
sb
with
sth
We
served
them
with
beer
and
wine.
我们用啤酒和红酒招待他们。
4.
However,
some
advertising
can
be
confusing
or
misleading.
(P106)可是，一些广告可能会混淆黑白或误导消费。
confusing与misleading是两个现在分词，相当于形容词，意思分别是“感到混消的”和“误导的”，在句中作表语，主语通常是表示物的名词或代词，如本句中的用法；也可以用作定语，既可修饰表示人的名词或代词，也可以修饰表示物的名词或代词。
They
can
be
some
confusing
or
misleading
advertisements.
它们可能是一些混淆黑白或误导消费的广告。
What
he
said
made
us
confusing.他说的话令我们感到困惑。
5.
At
times
an
ad
can
lead
you
to
buy
something
you
don’t
need
at
all.(P106)
有时，一则广告会诱导你去买你根本就不需要的东西。
at
times意为“有时，不时”，与sometimes同义。两者在句中的位置较灵活，可位于句首，句中或句末。
At
times
I
make
mistakes
when
I
speak
English.
我说英语时有时会出错。
They
went
to
town
at
times
during
the
cold
winter.在寒冷的冬天，他们有时候进城去。
Sometimes
they
walk
to
school.
有时候，他们步行上学。
He
sometimes
plays
football
with
his
friends.
他有时和朋友一起踢足球。
6.
To
start
with,
it
was
raining,
and
rainy
days
make
me
sad.
(P107)起初，天在下雨，雨天使我心情很不好。
◎
start
with作“首先”解时，只用于动词不定式，在句中常常以插入语的形式出现。
To
start
with,
the
computer
room
must
be
kept
very
clean.
首先，计算机工作室必须保持清洁。
Our
group
had
five
members,
to
start
with.刚开始，我们小组只有五个人。
◎
start
with可表示“从……开始”；“先从某事做起”，与begin...with是同义词组。反义词组是end
with“以……结束”。
He
started/began
with
the
aim
of
injuring
others
only
to
end
up
by
ruining
himself.他本想损害别人，结果只害了自己。
The
meeting
ended
with
a
speech
given
by
the
chairman.会议以主席的讲话结束。
He
wanted
to
start/begin
with
the
smallest
country
and
end
with
the
largest
one.
他打算先去最小的国家，最后去最大的国家。
◎
start单独使用时，意为“开始”，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时，其后跟名词、代词，也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin是start的同义词，两者在用法上没有很大差别，只是start侧重动作的突然开始。
As
soon
as
we
got
there,
it
started
raining.我们一到那儿就下雨了。
When
did
we
start/begin
this
lesson?我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的？
7.
...some
people
would
rather
just
give
money.(P108)……有些宁愿只给钱。
句中的would
rather是would
rather...than...的省略形式，意为“宁愿……而不……”，表示主观愿望。使用这一结构，要注意两个比较的部分对等。
You
would
also
rather
stay
at
home
and
read
a
good
book
than
go
to
a
party.
你宁愿待在家里看一本好书也不愿去参加舞会。
I
would
rather
have
the
small
one
than
the
big
one.我宁愿要小的，不要大的。
特别提示：
比较的部分如果是动词，than后应是动词原形。
8.
I
prefer
to
receive
a
gift...
(P108)我宁愿接受一件……礼物。
prefer表示选择时，可用两种句型。
（1）prefer+名词或动名词+to+名词或动名词。
They
prefer
red
to
blue.与蓝色相比，他们更喜欢红色。
I
preferred
doing
something
to
doing
nothing.我喜欢做点什么，而不喜欢闲着。
（2）prefer+不定式或名词+rather
than+不带to的动词不定式。
He
preferred
to
walk
there
rather
than
go
by
bus.
他喜欢走着去那儿，不喜欢乘公共汽车。
She
prefers
to
read
rather
than
sit
idle.她喜欢读书而不愿闲坐着。
Unit
14
1.
Sorry
I
couldn’t
get
back
to
you
sooner.
(P112)很抱歉我没能尽快给你回复。
这是在E-mail
message回复中的常用语,句中“get
back
to
sb”的意思是“以后再答复”。
I
can’t
give
you
a
definite
answer
now
but
I’ll
get
back
to
you
about
it
soon.
我现在不能给你一个明确的回答，但我很快会给你答复的。
2.
In
the
past
twelve
months,
they’ve
had
three
major
concerts
and
made
a
hit
CD.
在过去的十二个月里，他们举办了三场较大的音乐会，出版了一张很受欢迎的CD唱片。
（1）“in
the
past+时间段”常用于完成时的句子中，表示“在过去的……时间里”，past是形容词，可以用last来替换，而past/last的后面通常要使用“数字+名词”的结构。
In
the
past/last
two
years,
she
has
studied
English
very
hard.
在过去的两年里，她一直在努力地学英语。
（2）短语make
a
hit表示“大获成功”、“（演出等）大受欢迎；受到赞扬”等，hit是名词，表示成功而风行一时的事物，如电影，歌曲，演出等。
Zhou
Jielun
has
just
made
a
hit
CD.
周杰伦刚出版了一盘轰动一时的CD。
His
song
was
a
great
hit.
他的歌曲轰动一时。
He
made
a
great
hit
in
teaching.
他曾在教学上获得了巨大的成功。
3.
And
then
they’re
going
to
go
on
a
world
tour
in
which
they
will
perform
in
ten
different
cities.
(P114)然后，他们将去世界各地旅行并在十个城市巡回演出。
...in
which
they
will
perform
in
ten
different
cities是定语从句，先行词是tour,在关系代词which前介词in通常的位置是在动词perform的后面。本句为了避免与in
two
different
cities短语中的in重复，将perform后的第一个in前置。句中perform主要指扮演角色，演奏某种乐器，演出某一节目，侧重能力，技巧，效果，可用作及物动词和不及物动词。
The
magician
performed
wonderful
tricks.
魔术师表演了精彩的魔术。
He
performs
perfectly
on
the
piano.
他的钢琴演奏太棒了。
4.
Be
sure
not
to
miss
them
if
they
come
to
a
city
near
you
—
if
you
can
get
tickets,
that
is.
(P114)如果他们来到你附近的城市，千万不要错过——当然，如果你能弄到票的话。
（1）句中的that
is表示“确切地；换句话说；也就是”，用来表达一个准确的说法，即对前面的内容加以准确地说明。
She’s
a
housewife
—
when
she’s
not
teaching
English,
that
is.
她是个家庭主妇——是指她不教英语的时候。
（2）句中miss是“错过”，后接名词、代词或v-ing形式，不可接不定式。
They
missed
the
train
by
two
minutes.他们差两分钟没赶上火车。
I
came
late
and
missed
seeing
the
beginning
of
the
movie.
我来晚了，没有看见电影的开始部分。
miss还可表示“丢失”、“失去”，与lose同义。
5.
...but
we
really
hope
to
have
a
number
one
hit
some
day.
(P114)……但是我们真的希望有朝一日我们制作出能卖得最好的一首歌。
some
day意为“将来某一日”，等于someday,与one
day是近义词。some
day/someday只表示将来，不表示过去。而one
day用在过去时的句子里是“有一天”的意思，用在将来时的句子里是“将有一天”，与some
day/someday可互换。
He
will
be
a
scientist
some
day.总有一天他会成为科学家。
I
hope
to
see
you
one
day/someday.我希望有一天会看到你。
One
day
last
summer
they
made
a
trip
to
the
country.
去年夏天某日他们到乡间旅行。
试译：你一定要有一天来看我。
You
must
come
one
day
to
see
me.
You
must
come
some
day
to
see
me.
You
must
come
to
see
me
someday.
他有一天来看了我。
误：He
came
some
day
to
see
me.
正：He
came
one
day
to
see
me.
6.
...as
a
part
of
the
“In
Search
of
Roots”
summer
camp
program.
(P116)……作为“寻根”夏令营活动的一部分。
in
search
for是固定短语,for
后面的名词同样必须是“寻找的目标”，不是“搜寻的对象”。search前常出现a
或one’s等词对search加以限定或修饰，这个短语也常作目的状语。
The
soldiers
were
sent
in
a
search
for
the
missing
aircraft.
士兵们被派去搜寻失踪的飞机。
So
far,
they
have
been
unlucky
in
their
search
for
gold
and
have
no
money
at
all.
到现在为止，他们寻找金子的运气一直不好，而且他们身上也没钱了。
知识拓展
search的基本用法
（1）search的动词用法。
◎
search不与介词或副词搭配时是及物动词，表示“搜查”的意思，其后通常接处所或人物名词，表示搜查的对象。
He
even
searched
my
home
without
any
reason.
他甚至毫无理由地搜查了我的家。
I’ve
searched
my
memory,
but
can’t
remember
that
man’s
name.
我苦思良久，仍然记不起那人的名字。
They
searched
every
part
of
the
building.
他们对全楼进行了搜查。
◎
search用不及物动词，后面接介词for
和after，构成及物性动词短语，两者是“搜寻，寻找”的意思，表示花费极大的气力去搜寻某个特定的目标，常含有对立或不对立的意味，两者可以通用，只不过search
for
更常见些。
For
a
whole
day
they
searched
for/after
the
lost
child.
他们找了一天这个丢失的孩子。
7.
...and
so
far
has
brought
thousands
of
overseas
Chinese
students...
(P116)
……到目前为止，它带来了成千上万的海外华裔学生……
so
far
意思是“到目前为止”，常用于完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，强调到目前为止的情况,可位于句首，也可位于句末。
So
far,
no
man
has
traveled
farther
than
the
moon.
到现在为止，还没有人到过比月球更远的地方。
How
many
travelers
have
been
to
Disneyland
so
far?
到现在为止有多少旅客到过迪斯尼乐园？
So
far
we
haven’t
got
any
news
from
them.
到目前为止，我们还没有得到他们的任何消息。
8.
Most,
like
Robert,
can
hardly
speak
any
Chinese,
and
have
never
been
to
China
before.
(P116)
像罗伯特一样，大多数人几乎都不会说中文，而且以前从来没有到过中国。
（1）hardly是一个否定副词，表示“几乎不，简直不”，相当于almost
not，含有否定的意义，故在句中不能另加否定词。切莫将hardly误认为是由hard+ly构成的副词。此外，hardly
位于句首时，要用倒装语序。
I
hardly
know
what
to
say.
我简直不知道说什么好。
Hardly
can
I
move
this
heavy
desk.
我简直移不动这张重桌子。
—
Can
you
catch
what
I
said?你能听懂我说的话吗？
—
Sorry,
I
can
hardly
understand
it.对不起，我几乎听不懂。
（2）have
been后面接to表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”，可用于各种人称。
Have
you
ever
been
to
Shanghai?
你曾经去过上海吗？
He
has
been
to
America
twice.
他到美国去过两次。
have
gone
to与have
been
in的用法
have
gone
表示某人“去某地了”，不论是在途中还是到了目的地，重点是强调这个人已经不在说话人所在的地方了，常用于第三人称；have
been
in，则表示一直“呆在某个地方”，常与表示一段时间状语连用。
Henry
has
gone
to
London.
亨利到伦敦去了。
They
have
been
in
Beijing
for
two
weeks.
他们在北京已经有两个星期了。
10.
Thanks
to
In
Search
of
Roots...
(P116)多亏“寻根”……
【知识归纳】thanks,
thanks
to与thanks
for的用法
◎
thanks是名词thank的复数形式，意为“感谢”。表示“感谢”之意，可以说：
Thanks
a
lot.
Many
thanks.
A
thousand
thanks.
◎
thanks
to是介词词组，后面可以接名词或代词，意为“多亏”；“由于”，在句中作原因状语。
Thanks
to
the
old
man,
we
found
the
lost
child
at
last.
多亏那个老人，我们最后找到了失踪的孩子。
◎
thanks
for用于对别人已做的事表示感谢，后接名词，代词，或v-ing形式。
Thanks
for
sending
me
such
a
nice
present.谢谢你寄来这么好的礼品。
A
thousand
thanks
for
your
help.非常感谢你的帮助。
Unit
15
1.
In
1972,
it
was
discovered
that
they
are
endangered.(P119)
1972年，人们发现它们已经濒于灭绝。
was
discovered是一般过去时的被动语态，discover“发现”，近义词为find和invent。
discover,
invent与find
◎discover指发现过去所不知道的东西，新奇或意外的东西。
Coal
was
first
discovered
and
used
in
China.
中国首先发现并使用了煤。
Columbus
discovered
America
on
the
12th
of
October,
1492.
1492年10月12日，哥伦布发现了美洲。
◎invent意为“发明”，即创造出以前从未存在过的东西。
Edison
invented
the
electric
lamp.爱迪生发明了电灯。
Radio
had
just
been
invented
then.那时无线电刚刚发明出来。
◎find意为“找到”，侧重于找到过去丢失的人或物，但有时也表示凭经验或偶然发现了一种东西。
Today,
corn
is
found
all
over
the
world.今天，全世界都有了玉米。
She
found
him
a
very
good
pupil.她发现他是个非常好的学生。
◎有时find和discover可以互相替代，意思相同。
His
notebook
was
found/discovered
in
the
desk.
他的笔记本是在课桌里找到的。
2.
Some
of
the
swamps
have
become
polluted.
(P119)一些沼泽地受到了污染。
have
become
polluted
中的become是连系动词，polluted是过去分词。这种“系动词+过去分词”结构，意思上也接近被动语态。
The
slodier
got
wounded(接近were
wounded)in
the
battle.
这几名战士在这场战斗中受了伤。
A
few
minutes
later,
the
ground
became/was
covered
with
snow.
几分钟后地上尽是雪。
3.
They
provide
homes
for
many
endangered
animals...
(P120)他们为许多濒临灭绝的动物提供家园……
provide是及物动词，意为“提供”，“供给”。表示“提供……人……物件”是provide...with...；“提供……给……人”是provide...for...。
The
school
provides
us
with
all
the
materials
we
need.
学校提供我们所需要的一切资料。
We
are
provided
with
everything
we
need
for
work.
我们被提供了工作所需要的一切。
The
school
provides
all
the
books
we
need
for
us.
学校为我们提供我们需要的书籍。
◎
provide
for是“供养”的意思。
He
has
a
large
family
to
provide
for.
他要养活一个大家庭。
4.
...and
help
to
educate
the
public
about
caring
for
them.
(P120)……并且帮助教育公众关爱它们。
care
for表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，take
care
of也有这个意思。
He
cared
nothing
for
skating.
他对滑冰没有兴趣。
In
our
class,
we
care
for
each
other.
在我们班上，我们相互关心。
Maria
takes
good
care
of
everybody.
玛丽亚很关心大家。
care
for还可以表示“照顾”，“照料”，相当于take
care
of或look
after。
At
night
he
fed
and
cared
for
the
cattle.
夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。
You
must
care
for
yourselves.
=You
must
look
after
yourselves.
你们要照顾好自己。
The
children
are
well
cared
for
in
the
nurseries.
=The
children
are
taken
good
care
of
in
the
nurseries.
孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。
5.
turn
off
the
shower
while
you
are
washing
your
hair.
(P121)洗头的时候关掉淋浴。
（1）turn
off表示“关掉”，用在关掉收音机，煤气，自来水等场合。与其相关的几个短语是turn
on“打开”，turn
down“关小”，turn
up“开大”。
（2）句中while与when是同义词，都可以用从属连词，引导状语从句表示时间，意思都是“当（在）……的时候”，但二者之间是有区别的。
while与when的用法
◎
when的含义是at
or
during
the
time
that,既可用于指一点时间（从句的谓语动词需用终止性动词），也可用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词用延续性动词），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态能同时发生，或一先一后发生。
He
wants
to
help
people
when
they
are
ill.
他想在人们生病的时候帮助他们。
When
he
got
to
Shanghai,
the
ship
had
already
set
off.
他到达上海时，轮船已经开走了。
◎
while的含义是during
the
time
that,只能用于指一段时间（从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的），从句与主句里面的谓语动词所表示的动作只能同时发生，不能一先一后发生。
While
I
was
reading,
my
mother
was
washing
clothes.
我读书时，妈妈在洗衣服。
◎这两个词还可以用作并列连词。when表示“在那时”或“这时突然”，相当于and
just
at
that
time的意思，用来连接两个并列分句，有时when分句之前有逗号把前后两个分句分开。
I
stayed
till
sunset,
when
it
began
to
rain.
我一直呆到太阳下山，这时天开始下雨了。
◎
while意为“而”，“却”，表示对照关系。
Some
like
collecting
stamps,
while
others
like
planting
flowers.
有些人喜欢集邮，而有些人却喜欢种花。
6.
You
have
probably
never
heard
of
Amy
Winterbourne.
(P122)
你可能从来没有听说过Amy
Winterbourne。
【知识归纳】hear,
hear
from,
hear
of与hear
that
clause的用法：
（1）hear单独使用表示“听见”，“听到”，常用的结构有：
◎
hear
sb/sth“听到某人或某物的声音”。
I
can’t
hear
you
at
all.
我根本就听不到你的声音。
Haven’t
you
heard
anything?
难道你没有听到什么声音？
◎
hear
sb
do
sth“听到某人做某事”。
I
often
hear
Li
Ping
read
English
in
the
morning.
我经常在早晨听到李平读英语。
◎
hear
sb
doing
sth“听到某人正在做某事”。
I
heard
him
singing
in
the
next
room.我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
特别提示
hear
sb
do
sth指听到整个行动或整个事件；而hear
sb
doing
sth是指听到了行动的一部分，有正在发生的意思。试比较：
I
heard
the
boy
go
down
the
stairs.我听到这个男孩走下楼去。
I
heard
the
boy
going
down
the
stairs我听到这个男孩下楼的声音。
（2）hear
from意为“收到……的信”；“得到……消息”。
How
often
do
you
hear
from
your
father?
你每隔多久收到你父亲的信？
Have
you
still
not
heard
from
him?
你还没有收到他的信吗？
I
haven’t
heard
from
him
since
he
telephoned.
自从他打电话以来，我一直没有他的消息。
特别提示
hear
from的宾语是表示人的名词或代词，而不是表示信件的名词。
纠错：
我们好几个星期未收到他的信了。
误：We
haven’t
heard
from
his
letter
for
weeks.
正：We
haven’t
heard
from
him
for
weeks.
正：We
haven’t
got
a
letter
from
him
for
weeks.
（3）hear
of意为“听说”，后面接名词，代词或动名词。
I’ve
never
heard
of
that
before.我以前从未听说过那件事。
She
disappeared
and
was
never
heard
of
again.
她不知去向了，再未听到她的消息。
（4）hear接从句，是“听说”的意思。
One
day,
the
Smiths
heard
that
there
was
a
good
doctor
in
a
town
not
far
away.
一天，史密斯一家听说不远的镇里有一位好医生。
I
hear
that
one
of
the
pandas
has
a
baby.
我听说其中一只熊猫生了个熊猫宝宝。
7.
She
is
a
most
unusual
woman.
(P122)她是一个十分不寻常的女性。
【知识归纳】a
most,
the
most与most的用法
（1）a
most的用法。在“a
most+形容词+名词”结构中，most是副词，意为“很，非常”，相当于very,用来修饰它后面的形容词，本句就是这一用法。
Guilin
is
a
most
beautiful
city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。
This
is
a
most
interesting
story.这是一个非常有趣的故事。
（2）the
most
的用法
◎在“the
most+形容词+名词”结构中,most
是副词，表示程度，意为“最”，与其后的形容词一起构成形容词的最高级。
He
is
one
of
the
most
famous
writers
in
China.
他是中国最著名的作家之一。
This
is
the
most
difficult
(one)
of
the
three.
这是这三者中最难的。
◎在“动词+the
most”结构中，most
也是副词，其作用和意思是“最”其位置通常在动词后。
They
like
English
the
most.
他们最喜欢英语。
（3）most
通常有三种用法
◎在“most+副词或形容词”结构中，most
是副词，意为“很，非常，十分”。
I
shall
most
certainly
go
there.
我十分肯定会到那里去。
◎在“most+名词”结构中，most
是形容词，意为“大部分的，大多数”或“最多的”。
Most
students
like
English.
大多数学生喜欢英语。
Who
has
(the)
most
books
among
you?你们中谁的书最多？
8.
The
walls
are
made
from
old
glass
bottles
that
are
glued
together.
(P122)
墙是由旧玻璃瓶粘在一起建成的。
be
made
from/of意为“由……（原料）制成”，后面一般接物质名词。接from则表示某物品制成后，已看不出原材料是什么，原材料在制作过程中已起了化学变化；接of表示某物品制成后，仍可看得出原材料，其原料在制作过程中仅起了物理变化。
Nylon
is
made
from
air,
coal
and
water.尼龙是由空气，煤和水加工制成的。
Wine
is
made
from
grapes.
葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。
The
desk
is
made
of
wood.
这桌子是由木头做的。
The
shoes
are
made
of
cloth.这鞋子是用布做的。
知识拓展
◎
be
made
up
of表示某物或某组织由一种种成分或一个个成员组成。
The
world
is
made
up
of
matter.世界是由物质构成的。
A
TV
set
is
made
up
of
hundreds
of
different
parts.
电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
◎
be
made
into意为“把……做成……”，主语在意义上为原材料，介词宾语在意义上为制成品。
Bamboo
is
also
made
into
paper.竹子也可以用来造纸。
◎be
made
in意思是“在……（地点）制造”，介词in后接产地。
This
kind
of
computer
is
made
in
the
USA．这种电脑是美国制造的。
This
printing
machine
was
made
in
Beijing.这台印刷机是北京生产的。
◎be
made
by意思是“由……制造”，介词by后跟动作的执行者。
This
model
ship
is
made
by
Uncle
Wang.
这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。
9.
Amy
recently
won
an
award
from
the
Help
Save
Our
Planet
Society.
(P122)艾米最近获得了“救助地球”协会的奖励。
（1）recently
表示“最近”，既可以用于表示一段时间，也可以表示一点时间，多用于完成时态。
Have
you
hear
from
Michael
recently?你最近接到迈克尔的来信吗？
Recently
he
has
made
quite
a
few
mistakes.
最近他出了不少错。
（2）won
a
award中award是
“奖”的意思，相关词语有prize，reward和scholarship，这几个词都与“奖”有关。
（3）句中的win表示“赢”奖的意思。
At
the
national
amateur
song-writing
contest,
he
won
a
first-class
award.
在全国业余作曲比赛中，他获得了一等奖。
win可表示“赢得比赛，战斗”等，宾语一般是比赛，竞赛，战争等名词，与beat近义。
知识拓展
win与beat的用法
两者在表示“赢”，“胜”的意思时，后面所接的宾语有所不同。“赢比赛或一场战斗”用win；“赢某人”是beat。
We
won
the
match
months
ago.
几个月前，我们赢得那场比赛。
Which
side
won
the
battle?
这一战谁打胜了？
But
still
we
weren’t
sure
we
could
beat
them.
但是我们还不能肯定我们能打赢他们。
Dick
beat
John
and
won
the
game.
狄克打败了约翰，赢得了比赛。

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