篇一：《出师表》原文和翻译
Have you ever been ill? When you are ill，you must be unhappy because your body becomes hot，and there are pains all over your body. You don't want to work，you stay in bed，feeling very sad.
What makes us ill? It is germs(细菌). Germs are everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your eyes，but you can see them with a microscope. They are very small and there could be hundreds of them on a very small thing.
Germs are always found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope，we shall see them in it. So your father and mother will not let you drink dirty water.
Germs aren't found only in water. They are found in air and dust. If you cut your finger，if some of the dust from the floor goes into the cut(割开处)，some of the germs would go into your finger. Your finger would become big and red，and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs would go into all of your body，and you would have pain everywhere.
篇二：《出师表》原文+全文翻译
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（cú）；今天下三分，益州疲（pí）弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈（xiè）于内，忠志之士忘身于外者：盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗(yí)德，恢弘志士之气；不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（sè）忠谏之路也。
宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zhì ）罚臧（zāng）否（pǐ），不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸（yōu）之、费祎（yī）、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（wèi）陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（bì）补阙漏，有所广益。 将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（háng ）阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻(wèn)达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（wěi）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有（y?u ）一年矣！
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（sù）夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶(shù)竭驽（nú）钝，攘（rǎng）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。 愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵；若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（jiù）。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹（zōu）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激！
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
先帝创办基业还不到一半，就中途去世了。现在，天下已分成魏、蜀、吴三国，我们蜀汉
贫困衰弱，这实在是形式危急决定存亡的关键时刻啊。然而，侍卫大臣们在宫廷内毫不懈怠，忠诚有志的将士在边疆奋不顾身的原因，都是为追念先帝在世时对他们的特殊待遇，想在陛下身上报答啊。陛下应该扩大圣明的听闻，发扬光大先帝留下的美德，弘扬志士们的气概；不应该随随便便地看轻自己，言谈中称引譬喻不合大义（说话不恰当），以致堵塞忠臣进谏劝告的道路。 皇宫中和朝廷中都是一个整体，奖惩功过好坏不应因在皇宫中或朝廷中而有所不同。如果有做奸邪之事，犯科条法令以及尽忠做好事的人，应交给主管的官吏，由他们评定应得的处罚或奖赏，用来表明陛下公正严明的治理方针。不应偏袒徇私，使得宫内和宫外有不同的法则。
侍中郭攸之、费祎、侍郎董允等，他们都是善良诚实的人，他们的志向和心思忠诚无二，因此先帝把他们选拔出来留给陛下使用。我认为宫中的事情，无论大小，陛下都应征询他们，然后再去实施，这样一定能弥补缺点和疏漏的地方，获得更好的效果。
向宠将军，性情品德善良平正，精通军事，从前经过试用，先帝称赞他有才能，因此大家商议推举他做中部督。我认为军营中的事务，都应与他商量，这样一定能使军队团结协作，好的坏的各得其所。
亲近贤臣，疏远小人，这是前汉兴隆昌盛的原因；亲近小人，疏远贤臣，这是后汉所以倾覆衰败的原因。先帝在世时，每次与我谈论这些事，没有一次不对桓、灵二帝感到惋惜痛心遗憾的。侍中，尚书，长史，参军，这些都是忠贞贤良能够以死报国的忠臣，希望陛下亲近他们、信任他们，那么汉室的兴隆就指日可待了。
我本来是一介平民，在南阳亲自种田，只求能在乱世中苟且偷生，不谋求在诸侯前扬名做官。先帝不认为我身世卑微、见识短浅，降低自己的身份，亲自三次到草庐里来看望我，向我征询对当今天下大事的意见，我因此十分感动激动，于是答应先帝愿为他奔走效劳。后来遇到失败，我在战败的时候接到委任，在危难的时候接受使命，从那时到现在已经二十一年了。
先帝（刘备）知道我做事谨慎，因此在临终前把国家大事托付给我（诸葛亮）。自从接受遗命以来，我日夜忧虑叹息，惟恐先帝之所托不能实现，以至有损先帝的知人之明。所以我在五月渡过泸水，深入到不长草的地方（作战）。现在南方已经平定，武器装备已经准备充足，应当鼓舞并率领三军，向北方平定中原。希望全部贡献出自己平庸的才能，铲除奸邪凶恶的曹魏，复兴汉室，回到原来的都城洛阳。这是我用来报答先帝并忠于陛下的职责本分。至于处理事务，斟酌情理，有所兴革，毫无保留的进献忠诚的建议，那是郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的责任了。 希望陛下把讨伐奸贼、复兴汉室的任务交给我，如果没有完成，就请治我的罪，来告慰先帝在天之灵。如果没有劝勉陛下宣扬圣德的忠言，就责罚郭攸之、费祎、董允等人的怠慢，来揭露他们的过失；陛下自己也应该认真考虑国家大事，征询治理国家的好办法，听取正确的意见，深切追念先帝遗留下的诏令。（如果能够这样，）我就受恩感激不尽了。
现在我就要辞别陛下远行了，面对奏表热泪纵横，不知说了些什么。
篇三：出师表原文及翻译
出师表原文：
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂（cú）。今天下三分，益州疲（pí）弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈于内， 忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞（sè ）忠谏之路也。 宫中府中，俱为一体；陟（zhì ）罚臧（zāng）否（pǐ），不宜异同；若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。
侍中、侍郎郭攸（yōu）之、费祎（yī）、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗（wèi）陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨（bì）补阙漏，有所广益。
将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，必能使行（háng ）阵和睦，优劣得所。
亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。
臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥（wěi）自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。
先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。受命以来，夙（sù）夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明，故五月渡泸，深入不毛。今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶(shù)竭驽（nú）钝，攘（rǎng）除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。
愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎（jiù）。陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹（zōu）善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。臣不胜受恩感激。
今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。
出师表翻译：
Our late king passed away before the great undertaking founded by him was half accomplicated.Now China is divided into three kingdoms.Yizhou is drained of its manpower and resources.This is a critical juncture of life or death for our country.Bearing the late king's special fovor in hearts,hte officials at court who guard Your Majesty dare not slacken in their vigilance and the devoted officers and soldiers at the front are fighting bravely disregarding their personal safety.They are now repaying to Your Majesty what they have received form the late king.It is advisable that Your Majesty should listen extensively to the counsels of officals in order to carry on the late king's lofty virtues,and
heighten the morale of people with high aspiration.It is injudicious that Your Majesty should unduly humble yourself,and use metaphors with distortedmeanings,lest you should block the way of sincere admonition.The imperial court and the Prime Ministe's Office are an integral whole.There should be impartiality in meting out rewards and punishments to officals from either administration.For both those who are treacherous and violate the law and those who are loyal and do some good deed,the same legally appointed officials should pass dicision on how to punish or reward. This will make plain the equality and sagaciousness of Your Majesty's rule.There should be neither prejudice nor partiality in Your Majesty's attitude towardes the officials inside and outside the court for fear that different laws be put into practice.
Shizhong GouYouzhi and Fei Wei as well as Shilang Dond Yun are kind and honest men with a strond sense of loyalty.The late king appointed them of your sake,and I respectfully opine that all political affairs at court,regardless of magnitude,be first subjicted to their inquiry before actions are taken.In this way can errors be amended,negligence avoided,and greater results attained.
General Xiang Chong is well versed in military affairs and is kind and just by nature.After evaluatiing his performance of a trial basis,the late king priased his talent ability.That is why officials have elected him to be commander-in-chief.I humbly suggest that military concerns,regardless of weight,be first met with his consideration.In this way will there be harmony among the troops,and men both capable and icapbale will each find his proper place in the camp.To be close to the virtuous and able officials and keep away from the vile and mean persons.That was the reason that the Wwstern Han Dynasty was prosperous.To be close to the vile and mean persons and keep away form the virtuous and able officials.That was the reason that the East Han Dynasty was collapsed.When the late king was alive and talked with me about these historical lessons,he used to hame a sigh in edtestation for Emperor Hun and Emeror Ling. Shizhong,shilang,zhangshi and canjun are faithful,upright,and ready to lay down their lves for honor and fidelity.As your humble servant,I hope that Your Majesty will retain close ties to them and trust them.Then can the prosperity of the Han Dynasty be soon realized.
I was originally a commoner who had to wear clothes made of hemp,and tilled land in Nanyang.I merely managed to survive in times of turbulence and had no intention of seeking fame and
possition from princes.With and utter disregard of my low social status and meager fund of knowlegde,the late king condescended to visit me at my thatched cottage three times to consult me about the current events of the country.I felt so grateful that I promitted to serve him.Soom afterwards since I received my assignment at the time of the setback and was dispatched as an evvoy at the moment of crisis.The late king knew my prudence,and entrusted me on his death bed with the duty of assisting Your Majesty in governing the country.Since then I have been worrying and sighing night and day lest I should do harm to the late king 's illustrious fame if I fail to be effective.I was thus umpelled to lead an army across the Lu River in May and went deep into the barren district.Now the whole south is under our rule and we have plenty of fighters and armaments.It is time to reward our army men and lead them nothward to conquer the Central Plains.Although I am inferior in ability like a worn out horse or a blunt knife,I would do my utmost to root out treacherous evildoers,rejuvenate the Han Dynasty,and move the capital back to the old city.I owe this to the late king and wish th demonstrate my loyalty to Your Majisty. As for government affairs such as the augmentation or repeal of certain measures,or the broadening of the way to receive
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